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5 (Normal Distribution)

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8 views12 pages

5 (Normal Distribution)

Uploaded by

r730466chandravanshi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Module IV

Statistical Techniques-II
Contents:
 Continuous Probability distribution:

Normal distributions.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS.
Normal distribution is a continuous distribution. It is
derived as a limiting form of binomial distribution when
n, the number of trials is very large and p, the probability
of success is close to ½.
The general equation of Normal distribution is given by

………..(1)
where
Also the probability
The graph of Normal distribution is called normal curve. It is Bell shaped and
symmetrical about mean. The total area under the normal curve above x-axis
Is 1.
Properties of normal curve
(1) The two tails of the curve extend to
towards the positive and negative
directions of x-axis.
(2) The line divides the area under the normal
curve into two equal parts .
(3) The total area under the normal curve above
x-axis Is 1.

Basic properties of Normal distribution

(i)
STANDARD FORM OF NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

If X is a normal random variable with mean and standard


deviation , then the random variable
has the normal distribution with mean 0 and standard
deviation 1. The random variable Z is called standard
normal random variable.
The probability density function for the normal
distribution in standard form is given by
AREA UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE

By taking , standard normal curve is formed. The total


area under this curve is 1.
The area under the curve is
divided into two equal parts by
Z = 0. The area between the
ordinate z = 0 and any other
Ordinate can be noted from the
Supplied standard table.
Example. A manufacturer of envelopes knows that the weight
of the envelope is normally distributed with mean
and variance .Find how many envelopes weighing
(i) or more, (ii) or more, can be expected
in a given packet of 1000 envelopes.
[ Given : if t is the normal variable, then

Sol. Here
X denotes the weight of envelopes.
Also
(i) When X=2 , Z=
so
Number of envelopes heavier than in a lot of 1000

(ii) When X=2.1 , Z=


so

Number of envelopes heavier than


in a lot of 1000
Example. In a normal distribution , 31% of the items are under 45 and 8% are over 64.
Find the mean and standard deviation of the distribution. It is given that

Sol. Let be the mean and be the standard deviation

31% of the items are under 45.


So area to the left of ordinate x=45 is 0.31

So
when X=45, let

From the given value ,the value of z


Corresponding to this area is 0.5
8% of items are over 64

So
when X=64, let

From the given value ,the value of z corresponding


to this area is 1.4

Since

……… (1)
………. (2)

Subtracting

From (1) ,
Example. The daily wages of 1000 workers are
distributed around a mean of Rs 140 and with a standard
deviation of RS 10. Estimate the number of workers
whose daily wages will be
(i) Between Rs 140 and 144 (ii) less than RS 126
(iii) more than RS 160.

Given 0.4772
Sol. Here mean
So the random variable
(i) For x=140, z=0 & for x= 144 z=0.4
so
So number of workers whose daily wages is between 140 and
144 = 1000 * 0.1554 = 155.4 155
(ii) Less than Rs 126
for X=126 , Z= (126-140)/10 = -1.4

= 0.5 – 0.4192 = 0.0808


So number of workers whose daily wages less than 126 = 1000 *
0.0808= 80.8 81
(iii) More than Rs 160
for X=160 ,Z= 2

So number of workers whose daily wages more than 160 =


1000 * 0.0228= 22.8 23

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