INDEX

•Abstract
•Method use to check it is a thermal insulation
• experment Conclusions
•Thermal comfort
•Method used in thermal insulation
1.building roofs
2.in lunch book
3.thermal insulation in under ground
4.Polyurethane
5.composite material
•conclusion
 Abstract

The results indicated that the recycled waste materials were

effective in providing insulation function. In particular, the textile
waste materials matched or exceeded the performance of
conventional insulation indicating viability for use as thermal
insulation in underground construction applications.
The objective: The objective of this experiment was to find which
recycled material would be an effective thermal insulator:
fiberglass, wood shavings, polystyrene, polyurethane, cellulose,
perlite, polyethylene foil, or bubble wrap
In the following we will see some example:
IT IS A METHOD USED TO CHECK WEATHER IT IS A THERMAL
INSULATION
Methods/Materials
I constructed two boxes out of particleboard. I sawed congruent pieces of each
insulating material.
For each test, I installed one of the insulators in one of the boxes. I placed a
100-watt light bulb in an aluminum reflector lamp in each box.
Using a digital thermometer probe, I checked the temperature and turned on
each light bulb.
I started a stopwatch and heated the box to 30°C above the room temperature.
At 30°C above room temperature, I turned off the light bulb and recorded the
decreasing temperatures.
After the temperature fell 25°C, I recorded the time.
I tested each of eight materials 5 times in this same manner, using a second
box as a control each time.
Results
The cellulose material averaged more than 83 minutes, and the fiberglass material
averaged over 75 minutes to cool 25°C, which was significantly longer than all other
test materials.
The polyurethane averaged 42 minutes to cool followed by polystyrene and
polyethylene foil, which both averaged about 36 minutes to cool.
The perlite and wood shavings cooled quickly (25°C in 32 minutes) followed by bubble
wrap, which was the least effective insulator, averaging only 25 minutes to cool.
The control box averaged 20 minutes to cool.
Conclusions/Discussion
The cellulose material took the longest amount of time to cool, and appeared to be
the most effective insulator.
But one drawback of cellulose is that it averaged over 27 minutes to heat to 30°C
above the room temperature, which was much longer than any of the other test
insulators. In the summer, this might be an advantage, but in winter it many mean
more would be expended to heat the house.
Fiberglass also took significantly longer to cool than the other materials and only
averaged about 12 minutes to heat. Fiberglass was the most effective insulator
because it heated quickly and also trapped heat to conserve energy.
I noticed that materials with foil such as polyethylene and polyurethane were better
insulator than similar products without foil, such as bubble wrap and polystyrene.
Foil acts as a heat reflector, and perhaps fiberglass, surrounded by polyethylene foil
might make the best insulator.
This project was to discover which recycled material would be the most effective
thermal insulator: fiberglass, wood shavings, polystyrene, polyurethane, cellulose,
perlite, polyethylene foil, or bubble wrap.
done By Andrew C. Morgosh
Thermal comfort
ASHRAE (ASHRAE, 2013; Ličina et al., 2018) has defined thermal comfort as
the “condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the surrounding
environment temperature.” Humankind spends most of its time indoors in
housing, commercial, and office buildings; therefore, construction materials
play an important role in building structure design. Fundamentally, the heat
balance model and the adaptive model are used to determine thermal comfort.
The heat balance model assumes that thermal comfort is when the human
body expends less effort for thermal comfort, which could be achieved through
mechanical processing such as air conditions or heaters in the building. The
adaptive model describes human nature as interacting with the environment
and adapting to its condition without the installation of mechanical equipment (
Binici et al., 2010; ASHRAE, 2013; Toe and Kubota, 2013; Haba et al., 2017;
Cozzarini et al., 2020). In naturally ventilated buildings, the adaptive model
perfectly provides flexibility where indoor temperature and outdoor temperature
are assumed to be similar. Eq. 1 expresses the optimum comfort temperature
in a ventilated building under the adaptive model (Yao et al., 2009; Heirung
et al., 2017):
.
 Tcom=0.31 Tmot+17.8,(1)
where Tcom
is the comfortable temperature and Tmot
is the mean outdoor temperature. Eqs 2, 3 express upper and lower
temperatures, respectively:
Tcom,upper=0.31 Tmot+17.8+x,(2)
Tcom,lower=0.31 Tmot+17.8−x,(3)
where x
is identified as 3°C at the 80% thermal acceptability band and 2.5°C at the 90%
acceptability band, for all naturally ventilated buildings. To calculate the upper
and lower temperate limits, monthly temperature data were collected from the
Peshawar meteorological department for the whole year
This are the methods used in thermal insulation:
1. Building roofing system
Green building development attempts to create environmentally
sustainable buildings which significantly improve indoor thermal
comfort, but its initial high cost has caused it to be greatly discouraged
in Pakistan, especially among people budgeting for low-cost buildings (
Yang et al., 2014). Thus, more practical steps—such as installing recycled
and economical materials with low thermal conductivity on the rooftops
and walls of a structure—may improve indoor thermal comfort. The
rooftops and walls of a building are exposed to direct sunlight, and
major solar heat transfer occurs through its roofing and walls. Figure 1
shows the conduction process of heat transfer through the roof into the
indoor building.
Horizontal and plain building rooftops absorb
higher solar radiation intensity because of their
direct exposure to sunlight and maximum solar
irradiation as compared to the vertical walls of
the building (Zingre et al., 2015; Ahmad et al., ).
Major thermal conduction in indoor buildings
occurs through the rooftop, and its improvement
would significantly reduce their energy
consumption (Ahmad et al., 2021b). Therefore,
thermal insulation on the rooftop is one of the
most effective strategies for achieving energy
conservation and thermal comfort during cold
winters and warm summers in a composite
climate. Thermal insulation reduces unwanted heat loss and gain and hence decreases
the energy demands of heating and cooling systems (Ascione et al., 2013; Berardi and
Naldi, 2017). Straw bales, used as a building material, significantly reduce the solar
heat effect. Ahmad et al. (2021a) have highlighted the notable effects of straw bale
utilization in buildings and have obtained encouraging results
 2. In lunch book
The material that keeps your food warm in your lunch box is a
thermal insulator. As we all know, heat always moves from warmer
to colder areas, it seeks aeuilibrium. Thermal insulator is a
material which is used to reduce heat transfer between ob!ects in
thermal contact or in ran"es of radiate influence. Thermalinsulation
provides a re"ion of insulation in which thermal conduction is
reducedor thermal radiation is reflected rather than absorbed by the
lower#temperaturebody. The primary function of thermal insulation
materials used in lunch boxes or any thermal insulator is to reduce
the transmission of heat by reducin" theamount of heat leak.
$nsulation in the walls of the container can reduce theamount of
heat that enters the container and the amount of food contents that
isneeded to keep it chilled. The thermal insulator also helps reduce
ener"yreuirements for refri"eration or heatin" systems
3 Thermal inuslation in underground:-
This investigation was conducted to evaluate the use of recycled
materials in underground construction. Facilities constructed
underground benefit from stable thermal boundary conditions
resulting in reduced heating and cooling requirements. Numerical
analysis using 2D finite element method was conducted to investigate
a simulated underground facility (i.e., warehouse).
The cross-sectional dimensions for the warehouses were 50 m x 10 m.
Analyses were conducted for three locations representing cold,
temperate, and arid climates. The required heating and cooling energy
demands to maintain a target temperature inside the warehouses were
determined. Three target temperatures were evaluated: -25°C (cold
storage), 10°C (specialized storage), and 20°C (human occupancy).
Different insulation materials including waste-derived materials were
assessed. Simulations using conventional XPS insulation and no
insulation were compared to shredded tires and waste textiles. The
heating energy demands were between 0 and 268.0 GJ/year and the
cooling energy demands were between 3.1 and 1491.5 GJ/year. The
results indicated that the recycled waste materials were effective in
providing insulation function. In particular, the textile waste materials
matched or exceeded the performance of conventional insulation
indicating viability for use as thermal insulation in underground
construction applications.
4.Polyurethane (/ˌpɒliˈjʊərəˌθeɪn, -jʊəˈrɛθeɪn/;[1] often abbreviated PUR and PU)
refers to a class of polymers composed of organic units joined by carbamate
(urethane) links. In contrast to other common polymers such as polyethylene and
polystyrene, polyurethane is produced from a wide range of starting materials. This
chemical variety produces polyurethanes with different chemical structures leading to
many different applications. These include rigid and flexible foams, and coatings,
adhesives, electrical potting compounds, and fibers such as spandex and
polyurethane laminate (PUL). Foams are the largest application accounting for 67% of
all polyurethane produced in 2016.[2]
A polyurethane is typically produced by reacting an isocyanate with a polyol.[3] Since a
polyurethane contains two types of monomers, which polymerize one after the other,
they are classed as alternating copolymers. Both the isocyanates and polyols used to
make a polyurethane contain two or more functional groups per molecule.
Global production in 2019 was 25 million metric tonnes,[4] accounting for about 6% of
all polymers produced in that year. Polyurethane is a commodity plastic
5. composite material (also called a composition material or shortened
to composite, which is the common name) is a material which is
produced from two or more constituent materials.[1] These constituent
materials have notably dissimilar chemical or physical properties and are
merged to create a material with properties unlike the individual
elements. Within the finished structure, the individual elements remain
separate and distinct, distinguishing composites from mixtures and
solid solutions.
Typical engineered composite materials include:
Reinforced concrete and masonry
Composite wood such as plywood
Reinforced plastics, such as
fibre-reinforced polymer or fiberglass
Ceramic matrix composites
(composite ceramic and metal matrices)
Metal matrix composites
and other advanced composite materials
Conclusions:
At the end I have conculed that this thermal insulation will help us to
keep cold and as well as worn when needed by this things as the lunch
book which keeps our food worm when it is cold out side and in
underground when the climate is hot this thermal insulation makes cold
and it is good conditions in These constituent materials have notably
dissimilar chemical or physical properties and are merged to create a
material with properties unlike the individual elements.
Reference:
www.wikipedia.com
www.scride.com
www.1000sciencefairproject.com