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56 views16 pages

COS 101.use. Lecture 1

Uploaded by

izuchukwundimele
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COS 101: Introduction to

Computing Sciences
by

Dr. U.C.Onyemauche
Learning Outcomes
 At the end of the course, students should be able
 to:

 1. explain information processing and its roles in


the society
 2. describe the Internet, its various applications
and its impact
 3. explain the different
 areas of the computing discipline and
 its specializations; and
 4. demonstrate practical skills on using
computers and the internet.
Course Outline

 1. Information processing and its roles in


society.

 2. The Internet, its applications and its


impact on the world today.
 3. The different areas/programs of the

computing discipline - The job


 specializations for computing professionals.
 4. The future of computing
What is information processing
?
 The acquisition, recording,
organization, retrieval of information.
 A computer information processor
processes information to produce
understandable results. The processing may
include the acquisition, recording,
assembly, retrieval or dissemination of
information. For example, in printing a text
file, an information processor works to
translate and format the digital information
for printed form.
Other Definitions of
Information Processing
 Information processing, as the name suggests, is about
processing information in a manner that is noticeable to an
observer. It is a method that allows the gathering, recording,
observing, displaying, salvaging and spreading of valuable
information.

 The term information processing is applied to computer-based


operations. It refers to a process where the digitalized
information is manipulated by a digital electronic machine, for
instance, a computer. The information processing system
includes: Business software
 Computers
 Operating systems
 Mainframes
 Networks
Characteristics of information
processing
 1. Accurate
 If the information is accurate, it will have a direct impact on
the decision-making process. Hence it is essential to
remove any possibility of errors
 2. Timely
 The information must be available as per the need of the
hour because a delay in obtaining it can make the
information useless
 3. Complete
 The information has no meaning until and unless it is
finished because incomplete data and information can lead
to incorrect results
 4. Comprehensive
 Only comprehensive information is useful, and if it is not so
then it is considered useless for the receiver and thus has
no real meaning and worth
Types of information
processing
There are two types of information
processing, and these are as follows-
 Vertical information processing
 Horizontal information processing

These can be either decentralized or


centralized.
Underlying assumptions of information
processing
The information processing concept is based on several
assumptions like
 The available information is processed by a series of

processing units like short-term memory, perception,


and attention
 It is the function of the processing system to alter or

transfer the collected information in a systematic


manner
 Information processing aims to offer details about the

structure and processes that motivate performance


 Information processing in human beings to a great

extent resembles that of computers


Steps of information
processing
 1. Input processing
 2. Data Processing
 3. Output Processing
 4. Storage Processing
Tools used in information processing

 Database
 Search Engine: It is an information processing tool that
can retrieve required data from the databases
 Server: This tool provides statistical reports and
financial accounts to help in the decision-making process.
 Geographic information systems: Another tool used
in information processing is a geographic information
system that includes software and hardware that
retrieve, analyze, manage and store geographic
information
 Enterprise systems: The enterprise systems are
essential information processing tools that use identifiers
in their application to integrate stored data from one
enterprise system to other such systems.
Modes of Information processing

 Real-time processing: When the computer has to react within a


guaranteed time to an input, a real-time operating system (RTOS) is used.
For example, the engine management system within a car uses a real-time
operating system in order to react to feedback from sensors placed
throughout the engine.

 Multi-programming: Multi-programming is a method of operating such that


several programs appear to be running at once.
 Batch processing: A batch processing system is where programs or data
are collected together in a batch and processed in one go.
 Interactive processing: An interactive processing system is where the
tasks on the computer system require a continual exchange of information
between the user and the computer system.
 Multi-tasking: This isn't just about running more than one application at the
same time. Multi-tasking allows multiple tasks to run concurrently, taking
turns using the resources of the computer.
 Multi-access or multi-user: Modern personal computers can allow multi-
user access. A multi-access (or multi-user) system is one where several
users can use the same system together via a LAN.
What is Informational Processing?

 Informational Processing, talks about 3


different types of processing.
 They are called, Visual, Acoustic, and

Semantic. With visual processing, you


processing things such as pictures or visual
memories whilst learning.
Roles of Information
processing to the Society
 Information processing has become very important in
the business world. No matter small or big business,
Information processing has helped the organization,
manager, and workers in more efficient management,
 to inquire about a particular problem, conceive its
complexity, and generate new products and services;
thereby, improving their productivity and output.
 Information Processing can help through
 • Communication
 • Inventory management
 • Management Information Systems
 • Customer Relationship Management
Advantages of Information Technology in Business

 Since the computerized system so widely used, it is


advantageous to incorporate information
technology into the organization. Information
technology provides tremendous benefits to the
business world such as allowing the organization to
work more efficiently and to maximize productivity.
 Among the advantages of information technologies
in business are:
 • Storing and Protecting Information
 • Working away eg working from home
 • Automated Processes
 • Communication
Summary and Conclusion
In this lesson, we have:
 Defined Information Processing and
Informational Processing
 Explored the characteristics of Information
processing
 Listed types and tools used in Information
processing
 Studied modes of Information processing
 Learned Roles of Information processing to
the Society
 Discussed Advantages of Information
Technology in Business
Review Questions

 In your own way, define Information


processing.
 Explain the four steps to Information .
 Differentiate between Information

processing and Informational Processing.


 Explore the advantages of Information

processing.

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