CHAPTER 2

ARRAYS
MOTIVATION

• have 15 numbers to read in from a file and sort into ascending order
Getting-Started-with-Array-Data-Structure.webp

WHAT IS AN ARRAY

• A collection of identical data objects, which are stored in consecutive memory

locations under a common heading or a variable name.
• Elements-> variable
• Properties of arrays:
• The starting index of an array is 0, not 1.
• The last index is one less than the size of the array.
• If the array has size elements, the range is 0...size-1.
• Arrays contain data of a single type
• illegal to refer to an element outside of the array bounds
• address of its first element …
ARRAY DECLARATION A (ONE-
DIMENSIONAL )
• DataTypename arrayname [array size]; known at the time compilation takes place [ size] and [index]
• int day [5];
#include <iostream>
• Initializing Arrays
using namespace std;
• global array int day [5]; 0
int numbers[5] ;
• gllocal array int day [5]; un determined
int main()
• int day [5] = { 16, 2, 77, 40, 12071 };
{
int numbers[5] ;
• Elements ->equal or less than the length int day [5] = { 16, 2, 77, 40};
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
• int day [] = { 1, 2, 7, 4, 12,9 };
{
• You can use the initialization form only when defining the array.
cout << numbers[i] << " ";
• int arr [] = {16, 2, 77, 40, 12071};
• int ar [4]; }
• ar[]={1,2,3,4};//not allowed
• arr=ar;//not allowed return 0;
}
ACCESSING AND PROCESSING ARRAY
ELEMENTS
• name [ index ] day[2] = 75;
• two possible uses of brackets [ ] with arrays:
• int day[5]; // declaration of a new Array (begins with a type name)
• day[2] = 75; // access to an element of the Array.
• int a=1;
• day [0] = a;
• day[a] = 3;
• b = day [a+2];
• day [day[a]] = day[2] + 5;

• Example
• Input 10 elements
• Display 10 elements
• Sum of 10 input elements
• Average 10 elements
• Sort 10 elements
• Search 1 element from 10 elements
ARRAYS AS PARAMETERS

• pass its address no & operator

• Declation & definition void procedure (int arg[])
• call like this procedure (myarray);
• int myarray [40];
SORTING
• #include <iostream>

• using namespace std;

• void printArray(int array[], int size) {
• void sort(int array[], int size)
• for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
• {
• cout << " " << array[i];
• for (int i = 0; i < size -2; i++)
• }
• {
• cout << "\n";
• for (int j = 0; j < size - 2; j++)
• }
• {
• int main() {
• if (array[i] > array[j])

•
• int data[] = {-2, 45, 0, 11, -9};
{

• int temp = array[i];

• int size = 5;

• array[i] = array[j]; • Sort(data, size);

• array[j] = temp; • cout << "Sorted Array in Ascending

Order:\n";
• }
• printArray(data, size);
• }
• }
• }

• }
2.6 MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAYS

• int matrix[3][5];
• int matrix [3][5]; is equivalent to int matrix [15]; (3 * 5 = 15)
• pass two dimensional array
• Having the following function prototype:
• void print(int A[][3],int N, int M)
• In order to pass to this function an array declared as:
• int arr[4][3];
• we need to write a call like this:
• print(arr);
 2.6 MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAYS

• cout << "Matrix 2: " << endl;

• #include <iostream> • int main() { • for(int i = 0; i < ROWS; i++) {
• • int matrix1[ROWS]
using namespace std; • for(int j = 0; j < COLS; j++) {
[COLS] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
• cout << matrix2[i][j] << " ";
• const int ROWS = 2;
• int matrix2[ROWS] • }
• const int COLS = 3; [COLS] = {{7, 8, 9}, {10, 11, 12}};
• cout << endl;
• void addMatrices(int mat1[][COLS], int mat2[][COLS], int result[]• int result[ROWS][COLS];
• }
[COLS]) • addMatrices(matrix1, matrix2, resul•
cout << "Result: " << endl;
t);
• { • for(int i = 0; i < ROWS; i++) {
• cout << "Matrix 1: " << endl;
• for(int i = 0; i < ROWS; i++) { • for(int j = 0; j < COLS; j++) {
• for(int i = 0; i < ROWS; i++) { • cout << result[i][j] << " ";
• for(int j = 0; j < COLS; j++) {
• for(int j = 0; j < COLS; j++) { • }
• result[i][j] = mat1[i][j] + mat2[i][j]; • cout << matrix1[i][j] << " "; • cout << endl;
• } • } • }

• } • cout << endl; • return 0;

• } • }
• }
•