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Lecture 5

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12 views8 pages

Lecture 5

Uploaded by

ammarchishti2006
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)

School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS)


Department of Basic Sciences

Discrete Mathematics
MATH-161

Lecture # 5

Course Instructor: Dr Saira Zainab


Cell # :03325193283
Email: [email protected]
Office # 207, IAEC
1
Translating English to Logic
I did not buy a lottery ticket this week or I bought a
lottery ticket and won the million dollar on Friday.
Let p and q be two propositions
p: I bought a lottery ticket this week.
q: I won the million dollar on Friday.

In logic form
p(pq)
Time to work out more problems
1. Let p and q be the propositions

p :I bought a lottery ticket this week.


q :I won the million dollar jackpot.

Express each of these propositions as an English


sentence.
a) ¬p b) p∨q c) p∧q d) ¬p∧¬q e) ¬p∨(p∧ q)
2. Let p, q, and r be the propositions
p :You get an A on the final exam.
q :You do every exercise in this book.
r :You get an A in this class.
Write these propositions using p, q, and r and logical connectives
(including negations).
a)You get an A in this class, but you do not do every exercise in
this book.
b)You get an A on the final, you do every exercise in this book,
and you get an A in this class.
Let’s try this one…

3. Let p and q be the propositions

p :You drive over 65 miles per hour.


q :You get a speeding ticket.

Write these propositions using p and q and logical connectives


(including negations).

a)You do not drive over 65 miles per hour.


b)You drive over 65 miles per hour, but you do not get a speeding
ticket.
Another one…
4. Let p and q be the propositions

p : It is below freezing.
q : It is snowing.

Write these propositions using p and q and logical connectives


(including negations).

a) It is below freezing and snowing.


b) It is below freezing but not snowing.
c) It is not below freezing and it is not snowing.
d) It is either snowing or below freezing (or both).
e) If it is below freezing, it is also snowing.
f ) Either it is below freezing or it is snowing, but it is not snowing if it is
below freezing.
g) That it is below freezing is necessary and sufficient.
Problem
• Suppose that during the most recent fiscal year, the annual
revenue of Acme Computer was 138 billion dollars and its net
profit was 8 billion dollars, the annual revenue of Nadir Software
was 87 billion dollars and its net profit was 5 billion dollars, and
the annual revenue of Quixote Media was 111 billion dollars and
its net profit was 13 billion dollars. Determine the truth value of
each of these propositions for the most recent fiscal year.
a) Quixote Media had the largest annual revenue.
b) Nadir Software had the lowest net profit and Acme Computer
had the largest annual revenue.
c) Acme Computer had the largest net profit or Quixote Media had
the largest net profit.

6
Biconditional (if and only if)
Let p, q, and r be the propositions
p : Grizzly bears have been seen in the area.
q : Hiking is safe on the trail.
r : Berries are ripe along the trail.
Write these propositions using p, q, and r and logical connectives (including
negations).
a)Berries are ripe along the trail, but grizzly bears have not been seen in the
area.
b)Grizzly bears have not been seen in the area and hiking on the trail is
safe, but berries are ripe along the trail.
c)If berries are ripe along the trail, hiking is safe if and only if grizzly bears
have not been seen in the area.
d)It is not safe to hike on the trail, but grizzly bears have not been seen in
the area and the berries along the trail are ripe.
e)For hiking on the trail to be safe, it is necessary but not sufficient that
berries not be ripe along the trail and for grizzly bears not to have been seen
in the area.
f)Hiking is not safe on the trail whenever grizzly bears have been seen in the
area and berries are ripe along the trail. 7
Try as much as you can from…

Relevant Exercises given at the end of Section 1.1 of :

Discrete Mathematics and its Applications


(with Combinatorics and Graph Theory)
6th Edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2007,
Kenneth H. Rosen

(Already uploaded on LMS)

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