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Lecture8 - jQuery

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Lecture8 - jQuery

Uploaded by

Muhammad Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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jQuery

CS 344: Web Programming


What is jQuery?
jQuery is a fast and concise
JavaScript Library that simplifies
HTML document traversing, event
handling, animating, and Ajax
interactions for rapid web
development. (jQuery.com)
Why learn jQuery?
Write less, do more:
◦$
("p.neat").addClass("ohmy").show("s
low");
Performance
Plugins
It’s
standard
… and fun!
Example: Show/Hide
Button
window.onload
We cannot use the DOM before
the page has been constructed.
jQuery gives us a more
compatible way to do this.
◦ The DOM way
window.onload = function() { // do stuff with th

◦ The direct jQuery translation


$(document).ready(function() { // do stuff with th

◦ The jQuery$(function()
way { // do stuff with the DOM });
Aspects of the DOM and
jQuery
Identification: how do I obtain a
reference to the node that I want.
Traversal: how do I move
around the DOM tree.
Node Manipulation: how do I
get or set aspects of a DOM node.
Tree Manipulation: how do I
change the structure of the page.
The DOM tree
Selecting groups of DOM
objects
name description
getElementById returns array of descendents
with the given tag, such
as "div"
getElementsByTagName returns array of descendents
with the given tag, such
as "div"
getElementsByName returns array of descendents
with the given name attribute
(mostly useful for accessing
form controls)
querySelector * returns the first element that
would be matched by the
given CSS selector string
querySelectorAll * returns an array of all
elements that would be
matched by the given CSS
selector string
jQuery node identification
// id selector
var elem = $("#myid");

// group selector
var elems = $("#myid, p");

// context selector
var elems = $("#myid < div p");

// complex selector
var elems = $("#myid < h1.special:not(.classy)");
jQuery Selectors
http://api.jquery.com/category/sel
ectors/
jQuery / DOM comparison
DOM method jQuery equivalent
getElementById("id") $("#id")
getElementsByTagName("tag") $("tag")
getElementsByName("somena $("[name='somename']")
me")
querySelector("selector") $("selector")
querySelectorAll("selector") $("selector")
Exercise
Use jQuery selectors to identify elements
with these properties in a hypothetical page:
◦ All p tags that have no children, but only if they
don't have a class of ignore
◦ Any element with the text "REPLACE_ME" in it.
◦ All div tags with a child that has a class of special
◦ All heading elements (h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6)
◦ Every other visible li.
Use the DOM API to target the #square and
periodically change it's position in a random
direction.
Use jQuery selectors instead of the DOM API.
Exercise
 <!DOCTYPE html>  <div>Some text here.</div>
 <html lang="en">  <div>REPLACE_ME</div> <!-- This will be
 <head>

selected. -->
<meta charset="UTF-8">
 <div>
 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-
width, initial-scale=1.0">  <div class="special">I am
 <title>jQuery Selectors Exercise</title> special!</div>
 <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-  <div>Not special</div>
3.6.0.min.js"></script>

 </div>
<style>
 #square {  <div>
 width: 50px;  <div>No special class here.</div>
 height: 50px;  </div>
 background-color: blue;
 position: absolute;
 }  <h2>Heading 2</h2>
 .special {  <h3>Heading 3</h3>
 color: red;  <h4>Heading 4</h4>
 }

 </style>
  <ul>
</head>
 <body>  <li>Item 1</li>
 <li style="display: none;">Item 2</li>
 <h1>jQuery Selectors Exercise</h1>  <li>Item 3</li>
 <div>

 <li>Item 4</li>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
 <p class="ignore">This should be ignored.</p>  </ul>
 <p></p> <!-- This will be selected. -->
 </div>  <div id="square"></div>

 
Exercise
 <script>  const everyOtherVisibleLi = $
 $(document).ready(function() { ('li:visible:odd');
 // Select all <p> tags that have no children  console.log('Every other visible <li>:
and don't have class "ignore"

', everyOtherVisibleLi);
const emptyParagraphs = $
('p:not(.ignore):empty');
 console.log("Empty <p> tags: ",  // Function to move the square in a
emptyParagraphs); random direction
 function moveSquare() {
 // Select any element with the text
 const randomX = Math.random() *
"REPLACE_ME"
 const replaceMeElements = $ 400; // Random X movement within the
('*:contains("REPLACE_ME")'); viewport
 console.log('Elements containing  const randomY = Math.random() *
"REPLACE_ME": ', replaceMeElements);
400; // Random Y movement within the
viewport
 // Select all <div> tags with a child that has a
 $('#square').css('transform',
class of "special"
 const divWithSpecialChild = $ `translate(${randomX}px, $
('div:has(.special)'); {randomY}px)`);
 console.log('Divs with a child that has class  }
"special": ', divWithSpecialChild);

 // Move the square every second


 // Select all heading elements (h1, h2, h3, h4,
h5, h6)  setInterval(moveSquare, 1000);
 const allHeadings = $('h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6');  });
 console.log('All heading elements: ',  </script>
allHeadings);
 </body>
 // Select every other visible <li>  </html>

jQuery terminology
the jQuery function
refers to the global jQuery object or the $
function depending on the context
a jQuery object
the object returned by the jQuery function
that often represents a group of elements
selected elements
the DOM elements that you have selected
for, most likely by some CSS selector
passed to the jQuery function and possibly
later filtered further
The jQuery object
 The $ function always (even for ID selectors)
returns an array-like object called a jQuery
object.
 The jQuery object wraps the originally
selected DOM objects.
 You can access the actual DOM object by
accessing the elements of the jQuery object.
// false
document.getElementById("id") == $("#myid");
document.querySelectorAll("p") == $("p");
// true
document.getElementById("id") == $("#myid")[0];
document.getElementById("id") == $("#myid").get(0);
document.querySelectorAll("p")[0] == $("p")[0];
Using $ as a wrapper
$ adds extra functionality to DOM
elements
passing an existing DOM object
to $ will give it the jQuery
upgrade
// convert regular DOM objects to a jQuery object
var elem = document.getElementById("myelem");
elem = $(elem);
var elems = document.querySelectorAll(".special");
elems = $(elems);
DOM context identification
 You can
use querySelectorAll() and querySelector() o
n any DOM object.
 When you do this, it simply searches from
that part of the DOM tree downward.
 Programmatic
var equivalent of a CSS context
list = document.getElementsByTagName("ul")[0];
varselector
specials = list.querySelectorAll('li.special');
find / context parameter
jQuery gives two identical ways
to do contextual element
identification
var elem = $("#myid");

// These are identical


var specials = $("li.special", elem);
var specials = elem.find("li.special");
Types of DOM nodes
<p>
This is a paragraph of text with a
<a href="/path/page.html">link in it</a>.
</p>
Traversing the DOM tree
name(s) description
start/end of this node's
firstChild, lastChild
list of children
array of all this node's
childNodes
children
nextSibling, neighboring nodes with
previousSibling the same parent
the element that
parentNode
contains this node
•complete list of DOM node properties
•browser incompatiblity information (IE6 sucks)

CS380 21
DOM tree traversal
example
<p id="foo">This is a paragraph of text with a
<a href="/path/to/another/page.html">link</a>.</p>

HTML

CS380 22
Elements vs text nodes
<div>
<p>
This is a paragraph of text with a
<a href="page.html">link</a>.
</p>
</div>
HTML
Q: How many children does the div
above have?
A: 3
◦ an element node representing the <p>
◦ two text nodes representing "\n\t"
(before/after the paragraph)
Q: How many children does the
paragraph have? The a tag? 23
jQuery traversal methods
http://api.jquery.com/category/tra
versing/
jQuery tutorials
Code Academy
http://www.codecademy.com/courses/
you-and-jquery/0?curriculum_id=4fc3
018f74258b0003001f0f#!/exercises/0
Code School:
http://www.codeschool.com/courses/jq
uery-air-first-flight

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