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Lecture - 2-1

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12 views17 pages

Lecture - 2-1

Uploaded by

mf9729454
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture -

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Recap
• What is a Computer?

• Different types of Computers

• Components of a Computer System

• Information Processing Cycle

• Computer Hardware
Computer Hardware
• Computer hardware
Memory
falls in to four
categories.
CPU
Input Output
• Processor
• Memory
Secondary
• I/O
Storage
• Storage
Processing Devices
• The processor acts as the brain
of the computer.

• Carryoutthe instructions comes


from either user/program.

•A Personal computer may have


a single chip or set of chips on
the circuit board called mother
board.
Memory Devices
• Ina Computer, memory stores data or instructions
either temporarily or permanently.

• Personalcomputers use several different types of


memories, but two most important types are
• Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Read only Memory (ROM)
Random Access Memory
• Its like a scratch pad inside the computer.

• It
holds data and program instructions while the CPU
works with them.

• Volatile
memory, retains data as long as power is
supplied.

• It has an impact on the speed of computer.


Read only Memory
• It
stores data permanently, and retains data incase
of power off.

• It’s a non-volatile memory.

• ROM holds the instructions that computer needs.


Input/ Output Devices
• Allow user to interact with computer.

• Input Devices
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Microphone
• Output Devices
• Monitor/Display Screen
• Speakers
• Printer

• Input / Output Devices


• Touch screen
Storage Devices
• The purpose of storage is to hold data permanently.

• Slower
than memory (RAM) but also cheaper than
memory.

• Magnetic Storage
• Floppy Disk
• Hard Drive

• Optical Storage
• CD
• DVD
Computer Software
• Software consists of instructions.

•A set of instructions that drive the computer to


perform specific task is called a program.

• Without instructions, computer could not do any


thing at all.

• Software falls in to two major categories


• System software
• Application software
System Software
• It is a program that controls the computers hardware.

• Three basic types of system software’s


• Operating system
• Network operating system
• Utility

• Operating Systems
• Microsoft Windows
• Linux
• IOS
Application Software
• It
tells the computer, how to accomplish specific
task.

• It runs on the operating systems

• Some common examples are


• Microsoft Office
• Internet
Explorer
• Photoshop
How Computers represents Data
•Number Systems
•For a computer every thing is a number (Letters,
Sounds, Pictures)
•Different number systems exists (Decimal, Hexa
Decimal, Octal and Binary)

• Decimal Number System


• Used by humans for counting and its also called base
10.
• Counts ten distinct digits (symbols : 0-9).
• Combine digits to represents large numbers (10, 25,
450).
How Computers represents Data
• Binary Number System
• Used by computers for counting.
• Only two digits 0 and 1.
• Combine these two digits to represent other numbers.
Number Systems
Sr. Numbe Base Symbols
No r
System

1 Binary Base 2 Only two digits


0,1
2 Octal Base 8 Numbers : 0-7

3 Decimal Base Numbers: 0-9


10
4 Hexa- Base Numbers: 0-9
decimal 16 Characters: A-F
Bits and Bytes
• Bit is the smallest possible unit of data.

• It represents a switch, either on or off.

• Group of eight bits combined to make a one byte.

• One byte represents one character.


Summary
• Computer Hardware

• Computer Software.

• How Computers represents data

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