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Lecture - 1-1

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4 views23 pages

Lecture - 1-1

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mf9729454
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture -

COMPUTER
PROGRAMMING

COMPUTER ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Introduction
• This
course will cover the fundamentals concepts of
computer programming

• We will study the Python language

Textbook:
1.Eric Matthes, “Python Crash Course: A Hands-On,
Project-Based Introduction to Programming”, 2015, No
Starch Press.
2.Charles R. Severance, “Python for Everybody: Exploring
Data using Python 3”.
What is a Computer?
• It
is an electronic device that processes data, converting it
into information.

• Derived from the word compute, which means to calculate.

• It
is controlled by programmed instructions, which gives
the machine a purpose and tell it what to do.

• Modern computers are digital, break all type of information


into tiny units and use numbers to represent information .
History of Computers
• Charles
Babbage invented the first mechanical
computer.

• The earliest computers were analog computers.

• EarlyAnalog computers were mechanical devices,


weighting several tons and using motors and gears
to perform calculations.
Impact of Computers
• Today computers are every where around us.

• Computers have changed the way we do everything.


Classification of Computers
• The computers can be classify in to three categories:

• Personal Computers
• Servers
• Embedded Computers
Computers for Individual Users
• Mostcomputers are meant to be used by individual
person at a time.

• The Personal computers (PC) incudes:


• Desktop Computers
• Workstations
• Notebook Computers
• Tablet Computers
• Handheld Computers
Desktop Computers
• The most common type of personal computer.

• Designed to sit on a desk or a table.

• Commonly use in most of the places like offices,


schools, colleges etc.

• Capable to perform variety of general-purpose tasks

• Horizontally oriented system and vertically oriented


tower
Workstations
•A specialized single user computer.

• Morepopular in scientists, engineers and


professionals who needs a greater than average
speed to perform sophisticated tasks.

• Powerful and more features than a standard Desktop


PC
Notebook Computers
• Notebook computers are also called laptop computers.

• Can be carried any where and easily fit inside the briefcase.

• Generally weight less than eight pounds.

• Have a specialized battery, so no need to attach a power cable


continuously.

• Aspowerful as a desktop PC (equal specs with portable


feature)
Tablet Computers
• The newest development in the portable computers.

• Ifoffers all the functionality of a notebook PC but


lighter in weight.

• Canaccept input from a special pen called stylus


(used to tap and write on screen).
Handheld Computers
• Verysmall size computers and can be easily fit in
your hand.

•A popular type of handheld computer is Personal


digital assistant (PDA).

• Use for specialized applications such as


• Taking notes
• Displaytelephone numbers and addresses
• Keeping track of appointments
Question

• What
comes to your mind about modern
“Smart phones” are they computers or not?

YE
S
Computer for Organizations
• Somecomputers handle the needs of many users at
the same. These powerful computers are most often
used by organizations.

• These computers include:


• Network Servers
• Mainframe Computers
• Mini-Computers
• Super Computers
Network Servers
• It
is a powerful computer with special software and equipment
that enable it to function as a primary computer in the
network.

• All other computers connects with it.

• Provide access to network resources.

• Mostly used in the organizations.

• Multiple servers connects to form the server farm.


Mainframe Computers
• These computers are used in large organizations.

• It
can handle multiple users (Thousands of users).
Many people need to use the same data.

• Access through a device called terminal.


Minicomputers
• Capabilities
some where between mainframe and
personal computers.

• Often called Mid range computers.

• Canhandle much more input and output than


personal computers.

• Can handle hundreds of users.

• Normally used in small organizations.


Super Computers
• Most powerful computers and it’s the ultimate future.

• Operates at a very high speed.

• Can perform very complex calculations.

• Canperform trillions of calculations in a second (E.g Adding


one trillion numbers together in a second)
1 Trillion

• Mostly found in Research and Development Organizations


Embedded Computers
Components of a Computer
System
• Mainly computer system consists of fours components:
Hardware
• Any part of computer which you can touch

Software
• Set of instructions that tells computer what to do

Data
• Piece of information, individual facts
• Computer organizes and manages data

User
• Person operates the computer. Can also called
computer operator or user.
Information Processing Cycle
• The information process cycle has four steps:
Input
• Accepts data from user/program

Processing
• Processing component performs action on data
based
on instructions from user
Output
• Displays the result of its processing
Storage
• Stores the result of its processing
Computer Hardware
• Computer hardware
Memory
falls in to four
categories.
CPU
Input Output
• Processor
• Memory
Secondary
• I/O
Storage
• Storage
Summary
• What is a Computer?

• Different types of Computers

• Components of a Computer System

• Information Processing Cycle

• Computer Hardware

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