Back-end Technologies

Front-end to back-end
Back-end (SERVER-SIDE)

3
Back-end Technologies
Back-end, or server-side development, focuses on the server-side logic, data
storage, and processing that occurs behind the scenes. Back-end technologies
include:
1.Server Programming Languages: Languages like Python, Ruby, PHP, Java,
Node.js, and .NET are used to build server-side applications.
2.Databases: Databases, such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and Oracle,
store and manage data used by the application.
3.Web Servers: Web servers like Apache, Nginx, and IIS handle client requests,
manage routes, and serve web pages or API endpoints.
4.APIs (Application Programming Interfaces): APIs allow communication between
the front-end and back-end. They enable data retrieval and exchange.
5.Authentication and Security: Implementing user authentication and security
measures to protect user data and the application itself is a crucial part of
back-end development.
What is a Framework?
• A framework is a pre-designed set of rules, guidelines, and structures
that provide a common methodology for developing software
applications, websites, or systems.
• It provides a structure for developers to build upon and simplifies the
development process by offering pre-built components and
functionality.
• Frameworks can include libraries, APIs, and tools that streamline the
development process and reduce the time and effort required to
create a software application or system.
• They are often used to facilitate the development of complex
systems and applications by providing a pre-defined architecture,
which helps developers to organize their code and maintain
consistency across the application.
Web Frameworks
1.Django: A web framework for Python that follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture.
It provides a robust set of tools and libraries for building scalable web applications quickly.
2.Ruby on Rails: A web framework for Ruby that uses the Model-View-Controller (MVC)
architecture. It is designed to emphasize convention over configuration, making it easier for
developers to get started quickly.
3.Flask: A micro web framework for Python that is lightweight and flexible. It provides developers
with the basic tools needed to build web applications without imposing too much structure.
4.Express.js: A web framework for Node.js that is designed for building web applications and
APIs. It provides a simple and flexible approach to web development, making it popular for
building real-time applications.
5.ASP.NET: A web framework for Microsoft's .NET platform. It provides developers with a rich set
of tools and libraries for building scalable and secure web applications.
6.Laravel: A web framework for PHP that follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture. It
provides developers with a clean and elegant syntax for building web applications quickly and
easily.
7.Web2Py
Web2Py
• Web2py is a free open-source web application framework
that is written in Python.
• It is designed to make web application development easy
and fast.
• It provides an all-in-one solution for web application
development, including a web server, a database engine,
and a web-based interface for managing applications.
• Web2py follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC)
architecture, which helps developers to separate the
application logic from the user interface.
Web2py
• Web2py provides several built-in security features, such
as automatic form validation and protection against SQL
injection attacks, cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks, and
other common web vulnerabilities.
• One of the unique features of Web2py is its ability to
generate web-based user interfaces for database
models automatically.
Web2Py Architecture
Web2py follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture, which
separates the application logic into three interconnected components:
1.Model: The model component defines the data structure and the business
logic of the application. It interacts with the database to store and
retrieve data, and it provides an interface to the controller to access the
data.
2.View: The view component defines the user interface of the application. It
is responsible for rendering the data provided by the controller into an
HTML format that can be displayed in a web browser.
3.Controller: The controller component acts as an intermediary between the
model and the view. It receives user requests from the web browser,
processes them, and decides how to respond to them. It interacts with
the model to retrieve or update data, and it passes the data to the view
to render it into HTML.
Web2Py main components
1.Routing: The routing component maps URLs to controller functions,
enabling users to access specific pages or resources within the
application.
2.Helpers: Web2py provides a set of helper functions and libraries that
make it easier to develop web applications. These helpers include
functions for handling forms, managing sessions, and handling user
authentication.
3.DAL: The Database Abstraction Layer (DAL) provides a simple and
intuitive interface for interacting with the database. It allows developers
to define database tables, perform CRUD operations, and execute
complex database queries.
4.Scheduler: The scheduler component provides a way to schedule tasks
to run at specific times or intervals. This can be used for performing
background tasks, such as sending emails or updating data.
Installing Web2py
• Web2py is based on Python, you will need Python 3.7 at least
installed on you machine.
• Install Web2py using url:
http://www.web2py.com/init/default/download
• Web2py comes with internal Web Server “Rocket” which is a
lightweight and fast. Alternatively, you can install Apache webserver.
• For database storage, you will need to install MySQL 5.0
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-installer.html