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Sampling Methods Handout

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12 views8 pages

Sampling Methods Handout

Uploaded by

S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Sample Surveys

and
Sampling Techniques
Why Sample?

The two main reasons that apply to most


research are:
• Time
• Cost
Types of sampling

• Non- Probability Sampling


Some elements of population have no chance of selection or
where the probability of selection can't be accurately
determined. Ex convenience Sample
• Probability Sampling
Every unit in the population has a non zero probability of being
selected in the sample, and this probability can be accurately
determined.

Probability samples are the only type of samples where the results can be
generalized from the sample to the population.
Types of sampling
methods

Probability Non Probability


sampling Sampling

Systematic
Simple random Cluster Sample Ex. Convenience
Random Sample Stratified Sample
Sample Sample
Simple random Sample
• All samples selected of equal size (n ) has the same probability of being
chosen, and each unit has an equal chance of being chosen

There are many ways to obtain a simple random sample. One way
is that the researcher must prepare a complete list including all
members of the population ( Sampling Frame) then each member in
the population is given a number. These numbers must be unique.
By using a Table of Random Digits the units are chosen from the sample
ie Population members having the selected numbers are included in
the sample.
Systematic Random Sample
• We first randomly select one member from the first K units, then every kth
member ( ie we add k to the first random digit) is chosen
note : k refers to the ratio of the population to the sample
k= N/n

It is important that the starting point is not automatically the first in the list,
but is instead a randomly chosen number from within the first to the kth
element in the list
Stratified Random Sampling
• Divide the population into strata ( sub groups ) that are
mutually exclusive , then an independent simple random
sample is drawn from each of these strata
(ex. You can divide the University students into the
different faculties and then from each faculty chose a
sample.)
Cluster Sampling
• The whole population is divided into groups called clusters. Then a sample
of these clusters is picked and all the elements in the cluster are included
in the final sample.

Cluster sampling is frequently employed when the researcher is


unable to compile a comprehensive list of all the elements in the
population of interest.

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