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Group by Having Clause

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24 views18 pages

Group by Having Clause

dbms

Uploaded by

Crazy Killer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GROUP BY Clause

Third Tear DBMS Training


Group By
Earlier we have seen aggregate functions being used to calculate min, max, avg etc. for all records of the
query. What if the requirement is to calculate subtotals at Department level? In that case we will have to run
the query once for every department. Is there a better way to achieve this functionality?

We can use GROUP BY to achieve such results using a single query. GROUP BY groups the data from the
table into different groups based on criteria provided and calculates the aggregate function for each group.
Thus the result has 1 row for each group.
Creating Groups on various
Columns

4
Creating Groups by More Than
One Columns

5
Let us try to write a query to display the department and the total salary paid in each department.

SELECT Dept, SUM(Salary) FROM Employee


GROUP BY Dept; ●
●
Sort on Grouped Columns
For each distinct Grouped Columns
● Calculate aggregate function
● Add row to result
Without Group By Aggregate function produces 1 row for all the rows
selected by a query.
SELECT Count(ID) FROM Employee;

Use Group By clause to get department wise employee count.


SELECT Dept, Count(ID) FROM Employee GROUP BY Dept;

Group By converts the entire rows in a group into a single row in result. You cannot fetch details from
individual rows in a category.

Let us try to fetch count and names of employees in each department.

SELECT Dept, ENAME, Count(ID) FROM Employee GROUP BY Dept;


Group By can also be used with multiple columns. In that case it treats each
distinct combination of the columns as a single category.

Let us display maximum salary paid to each designation, within each department.
SELECT Dept, Designation, MAX(Salary) FROM Employee GROUP BY Dept, Designation;

You can use multiple aggregate functions in the same query as long as category for
grouping is the same.
SELECT Dept, MIN(SALARY), MAX(Salary) FROM Employee GROUP BY Dept;
Nesting aggregate: SELECT MAX(AVG(Salary)) FROM Employee GROUP BY
dept;

You can use GROUP BY with columns that contain NULL values.

SELECT Bonus, Count(*) FROM Employee GROUP BY Bonus


Having
GROUP BY is used in conjunction with aggregate functions to get summary of data category wise.

Suppose we want to filter above summarized data. For e.g. if we want to fetch only those departments
whose average salary of their employees is greater than a specific value.

This can be achieved using HAVING clause. Having allows aggregate functions to be used as filter criteria
which cannot be done using WHERE clause.
Let us write a query to display the department and the total salary for those departments
whose total salary is more than 90000.
SELECT DEPT, SUM(Salary) FROM 1. Sort on Grouped Columns
Employee GROUP BY DEPT HAVING 2. For each distinct Grouped Columns
SUM(Salary) > 90000; 3. Calculate aggregate function
4. If aggregate value meets having
condition
5. Add row to result
Rules

14
Q-1) Given the employee table as input, choose the query that displays department wise
average salaries sorted in descending order.
Q-1) Given the employee table as input, choose the query that displays department wise
average salaries sorted in descending order.
Q-2) Given the Employee table as input, which of the following query displays departments that
have more than 1 employees?
Q-2) Given the Employee table as input, which of the following query displays departments that
have more than 1 employees?

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