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CNG351 Lecture 9 Part3 DDL Views

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23 views11 pages

CNG351 Lecture 9 Part3 DDL Views

Uploaded by

berayseray382
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 11

SQL: Data Definition

VIEWS

CNG351 - Data Management and File Structures


Lecture - 9
Instructor: Dr. Yeliz Yesilada
Views
View Definition
Dynamic result of one or more relational operations operating on
base relations to produce another relation.
• Virtual relation that does not necessarily actually exist in the
database but is produced upon request, at time of request.
• Contents of a view are defined as a query on one or more base
relations.
• With view resolution, any operations on view are automatically
translated into operations on relations from which it is derived.
• With view materialization, the view is stored as a temporary table,
which is maintained as the underlying base tables are updated.

CNG 351 - lecture 9 2/11


SQL - CREATE VIEW
CREATE VIEW ViewName [ (newColumnName [,...]) ]
AS subselect
[WITH [CASCADED | LOCAL] CHECK OPTION]

• Can assign a name to each column in view.


• If list of column names is specified, it must have same
number of items as number of columns produced by
subselect.
• If omitted, each column takes name of corresponding
column in subselect.

CNG 351 - lecture 9 3/11


Example - Create Horizontal View
Create view so that manager at branch B003 can only
see details for staff who work in his or her office.

CREATE VIEW Manager3Staff


AS SELECT *
FROM Staff
WHERE branchNo = ‘B003’;

CNG 351 - lecture 9 4/11


Example - Create Vertical View
Create view of staff details at branch B003 excluding
salaries.

CREATE VIEW Staff3


AS SELECT staffNo, fName, lName, position, sex
FROM Staff
WHERE branchNo = ‘B003’;

CNG 351 - lecture 9 5/11


SQL - DROP VIEW
DROP VIEW ViewName [RESTRICT | CASCADE]

• Causes definition of view to be deleted from database.


• If CASCADE specified, DROP VIEW deletes all
dependent objects, in other words, all objects that
reference the view.
• If RESTRICT is specified and there are other objects that
depend for their existence on the continued existence of
the view being dropped, the command is rejected.
• For example:
DROP VIEW Manager3Staff;

CNG 351 - lecture 9 6/11


Advantages of Views
• Data independence (can present a consistent, unchanged picture of
the structure of the database)
• Currency (changes in any of the base tables in the defining query
are immediately reflected in the view)
• Improved security (specific views to specific users)
• Reduced complexity (can simplify queries, repeated, complex
queries)
• Convenience (part of the database, don’t need to see the complete
set of data)
• Customization (different users can see tables differently)
• Data integrity (WITH CHECK OPTION, ensure integrity of the view)

CNG 351 - lecture 9 7/11


Disadvantages of Views
• Update restriction (in some cases a view cannot be
updated)
• Structure restriction (The structure of the view is defined
at the time of its creation, for example SELECT * refers
to the current columns, so if the table is updated with
new columns, they wil not be in the view)
• Performance (View resolution can have performance
penalty)

CNG 351 - lecture 9 8/11


View Materialization
• View resolution mechanism may be slow, particularly if
view is accessed frequently.
• View materialization stores view as temporary table
when view is first queried.
• Thereafter, queries based on materialized view can be
faster than recomputing view each time.
• Difficulty is maintaining the currency of view while base
tables(s) are being updated!!!

CNG 351 - lecture 9 9/11


View Materialization
• If insert row into PropertyForRent with rent 400 then view
would be unchanged.
• If insert row for property PG24 at branch B003 with staffNo =
SG19 and rent = 550, then row would appear in materialized
view.
• If insert row for property PG54 at branch B003 with staffNo =
SG37 and rent = 450, then no new row would need to be added
to materialized view.
• If delete property PG24, row should be deleted from
materialized view.
• If delete property PG54, then row for PG37 should not be
deleted (because of existing property PG21).

CNG 351 - lecture 9 10/11


Summary
• A view is a virtual table representing a subset of
columns and/or rows from one or more base tables or
views.
• SQL access control is built around the concepts of
authorization identifiers, ownership, and privileges.

CNG 351 - lecture 9 11/11

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