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Introduction To Computer

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3 views11 pages

Introduction To Computer

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shahkadir.java
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 1.

1
Working with Charts : Group 1

ROLL NO NAME
01 ABDUS SHUKUR MOHAMMED HUSAIN
02 BABAR VISHWADIP MOHAN
03 BAGWAN AMAN IRFAN
Introduction of
Computer
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data
(input), process the data according to specified rules, produce
information (output), and store the information for future use.
• Overview of Hardware and
Software
Hardware
Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a
computer system. Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or
components of a computer such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer
data storage, hard drive disk (HDD), system unit (graphic cards, sound cards,
memory, motherboard and chips), etc. all of which are physical objects that
can be touched.
•
SOFTWARE
Software is a collection of
programs and instructions that
enable computer hardware to
perform specific tasks, categorized
into system software (which
manages hardware and provides a
platform for applications),
application software (which helps
users accomplish specific tasks),
and development software (which
assists developers in creating and
maintaining software applications).
• BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
A block diagram of a computer system provides a visual
representation of the major components and their relationships within
the system. Below is a simplified description of a typical block
diagram for a computer system:
• INPUT / OUTPUT UNIT
INPUT DEVICES : These are peripherals used to provide data and
control signals to the computer (e.g., keyboard, mouse, scanner).
OUTPUT DEVICES : These peripherals receive data from the
computer and present it to the user (e.g., monitor, printer, speakers).
• CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
A CPU is brain of a computer. It is responsible for all functions and
processes. Regarding computing power, the CPU is the most
important element of a computer system.
• CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
(CPU)
The CPU is comprised of three main parts :

1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Executes all arithmetic and logical operations. Arithmetic calculations
like as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Logical operation like compare numbers,
letters, or special characters

2. Control Unit (CU): controls and co-ordinates computer components.

– Read the code for the next instruction to be executed.


– Increment the program counter so it points to the next instruction.
– Read whatever data the instruction requires from cells in memory.
– Provide the necessary data to an ALU or register.
– If the instruction requires an ALU or specialized hardware to complete, instruct the hardware to perform
the requested operation.

3. Registers :Stores the data that is to be executed next, "very fast storage area".
• MEMORY UNIT
 RAM: Random Access Memory (RAM) is a memory scheme within the computer
system responsible for storing data on a temporary basis, so that it can be
promptly accessed by the processor as and when needed. It is volatile in nature,
which means that data will be erased once supply to the storage device is turned
off. RAM stores data randomly and the processor accesses these data randomly
from the RAM storage. RAM is considered "random access" because you can
access any memory cell directly if you know the row and column that intersect at
that cell.
 ROM (Read Only Memory): ROM is a permanent form of storage. ROM stays
active regardless of whether power supply to it is turned on or off. ROM devices
do not allow data stored on them to be modified.
• COMPARISON BETWEEN RAM AND HARD DISK

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