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Chapter V Capacitance and Inductance

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27 views58 pages

Chapter V Capacitance and Inductance

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alexander.manlangit
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Chapter 5 (ECE

100)
2ND SEMESTER, A.Y. 2023-2024
Department of Electronics Engineering

CAPACITANCE AND INDUCTANCE

Engr. Lovely Mae Dagsa, MSc., ECT


Caraga State University
April | 2024
CAPACITORS

A capacitor is a device which is used to


store electrical charge.

Effectively, any capacitor consists of a pair


of conducting plates separated by an
insulator. The insulator is called a
dielectric and is often air, paper or oil.
UNIT

o picofarads (pF) = 10-12 F


o nanofarads (nF) = 10 F -9

o microfarads(F) = 10-6 F
o millifarads (mF) = 10-3 F
o Farad (F) = 100 F
CAPACITANCE

The measure of the extent to which a


capacitor can store charge is called its
capacitance. It is defined by:
Q
C
V
C= capacitance (unit farad (F))
Q = the magnitude of the charge on one plate (unit
coulombs (C))
V = the p.d. between the plates ( unit volts (V))
THE EFFECT OF A RESISTANCE ON
THE CHARGING AND DISCHARGING

Putting a resistor in series


with the capacitor increases
the charging time

and increases the discharging


time
THE EFFECT OF A RESISTANCE ON
THE CHARGING AND DISCHARGING
Kirchoff’s second law tells us that the e.mf.
Must equal the sum of the pd’s
Vbattery = V resistor+Vcapacitor

Initially the capacitor is uncharged.


At this time Vcapacitor =0
and:
V battery= Vresistor
THE EFFECT OF A RESISTANCE ON
THE CHARGING AND DISCHARGING
Kirchoff’s second law tells us that the e.mf.
Must equal the sum of the pd’s
Vbattery = V resistor+Vcapacitor

As the capacitor charges


Vcapacitor rises and so Vresistor falls.
From Vresistor
I
R

The current through the resistor (and therefore


the whole circuit) falls
THE CAPACITOR
VS Die le c tric
The charging process… +
++ 
++ 
Le a d s 
+++ ++
++
+  Pla te s
++ 
Charging +++
 ++
Fully
Source charged
Initiallyremoved
uncharged    
+
++ 
 +++ + 
+
+ +  Ele c tro ns
+ 
++  B 
 AA +++ + B
AA BB
   ++    

A capacitor with stored charge can act as a temporary battery.


APPLICATIONS

The common purposes for small-sized capacitors are:

o Couple signals (in an amplifier),


o Electric filters,
o Tuning circuit, and
o Improve performance on power supply systems (rectified voltage or current).

The common purposes for large-sized capacitors are:

o Power factor correction in AC power distribution and transmission systems,


o Strobe lights for electric motors.
CAPACITANCE
Capacitance is the ratio of charge to voltage

Q
C
V
Rearranging, the amount of charge on a capacitor is determined
by the size of the capacitor (C) and the voltage (V).

Q CV
Example:
If a 22 mF capacitor is connected to a 10 V source, the charge
is 220 mC
CAPACITANCE
CAPACITANCE
CAPACITANCE
CAPACITANCE

Example:
CAPACITOR TYPES

A capacitor made of two parallel plates of area 10 cm2 each. The plates
are separated by an insulator of 0.5mm thickness and a relative
permittivity equal to 5. Determine its capacitance.

C = roA/d

= (5 x 8.854 x 10-12 x 10 x 10-4)/0.5 x 10-3

= (5 x 8.854 x 10-12 x 10)/5

= 88.54 pF
CAPACITOR TYPES
CAPACITOR TYPES
CAPACITOR TYPES
CAPACITOR TYPES
CAPACITOR
LABELING
CAPACITOR TYPES

Example:
SERIES
CAPACITORS
CAPACITOR TYPES

Example:
CAPACITOR TYPES

Example:
CAPACITOR TYPES
A

C2
Example: 220pF
C1
3.5nF
C3
Cs
470pF
Total of series capacitors C2 and C3
B

C 2 C3 220 470
Cs   150 pF
C2  C3 220  470

The overall total

CT C1  Cs 3500 pF  150 pF 3650 pF 3.65nF


CAPACITIVE
REACTANCE

Example:
POWER IN A
CAPACITOR
SELECTED KEY
TERMS
CAPACITOR TYPES
QUIZ
CAPACITOR TYPES
CAPACITOR TYPES
CAPACITOR TYPES
CAPACITOR TYPES
CAPACITOR TYPES
CAPACITOR TYPES
CAPACITOR TYPES
INDUCTANCE
INDUCTANCE

Inductance is the ability of a conductor to produce induced voltage when


the current varies. A long wire has more inductance than a short wire,
since more conductor length cut by magnetic flux produces more
induced voltage.
SELF-INDUCTANCE L
The ability of a conductor to induce voltage in itself when the current
changes is its self-inductance or simply inductance . The symbol for
inductance is L , for linkages of the magnetic flux, and its unit is the
henry (H). This unit is named after Joseph
Henry (1797–1878).
SELF-INDUCTANCE L
Example
Example
Class Example
INDUCTANCE OF
COILS
MUTUAL INDUCTANCE
SELF-INDUCTANCE L
SELF-INDUCTANCE L
Turns
Ratio

Voltage
Ratio
Example
Current
Ratio
Current
Ratio
Current
Ratio
INDUCTANCE IN
SERIES or
PARALLEL
INDUCTANCE IN
SERIES or
PARALLEL
Announcement

• FRIDAY April 19, 2024: QUIZ for Chapter 5,


ALTERNATING CURRENT CIRCUITS DISCUSSION
for Chapter 6 and LABORATORY No. 4

ECE 100| ADVANCED ENGINEERING PHYSICS

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