Oral Cavity 2024

Oral Cavity
Tongue & Palate
Dr. Ali Al-najjar

Oral Cavity boundaries
Oral cavity
The roof :-is formed by the hard and soft palate.

The floor:-tongue and the mylohyoid muscle.
Laterally:-cheeks & buccinator muscle
Posteriorly:- the oral cavity ends at the palatoglossal arches (the anterior pair of
tonsillar pillars).
The oral cavity may be further divided into the vestibule (the space between
the gums and cheeks) and the oral cavity proper (the space interior to the
gums).
Vestibule
 Slit like space between the cheeks
and the gums
 Communicates with the exterior
through the oral fissure
 When the jaws are closed,
communicates with the oral cavity
proper behind the 3rd molar tooth
on each side
 Superiorly and inferiorly limited by
the reflection of mucous membrane
from lips and cheek onto the gums
Vestibule cont’d
 The lateral wall of the vestibule
is formed by the cheek
• The cheek is composed of
Buccinator muscle, covered
laterally by the skin &
medially by the mucous
membrane
 A small papilla on the mucosa
opposite the upper 2nd molar
tooth marks the opening of the
duct of the parotid gland
Oral Cavity Proper
 It is the cavity within the alveolar
margins of the maxillae and the
mandible
 Its Roof is formed by the hard
palate anteriorly and the soft
palate posteriorly
 Its Floor is formed by the
mylohyoid muscle.
 The anterior 2/3rd of the tongue
lies on the floor.
hard
soft
palate
mylohyoi
Floor of the Mouth
 Covered with mucous membrane
 In the midline, a mucosal fold, the
frenulum, connects the tongue to
the floor of the mouth
 On each side of frenulum a small
papilla has the opening of the
duct of the submandibular gland
 A rounded ridge extending
backward & laterally from the
papilla is produced by the
sublingual gland
sensory innervation of oral cavity
1.Upper teeth & supporting

structures & the lining of
maxillary sinus are
supplied by
anterior, middle & posterior
superior alveolar nerves
anterior, middle & posterior superior alveolar nerves

2.Lower teeth & supporting
structures are supplied by
inferior alveolar nerve & it’s
incisive branches
Inferior alveolar nerves

3.The mucous membrane
on buccal aspect of
upper alveolar process is
innervated by superior
alveolar nerves+buccal
fibers in molar region
4-sensory supply of the palate
is through:-
1- The greater palatine nerve
2-The lesser palatine nerve
(to the hard and soft palate, respectively); these nerves arise within
the pterygopalatine fossa & descend through the greater palatine
canal and divide into the lesser and greater branches as they
approach the palate.
3-The nasopalatine nerve passes through the incisive foramen to
enter the substance of the palate. It innervates the anterior half of
the hard palate.
Pterygopalatine ganglion & branches
Innervation of roof of mouth
Picture shows lingual &
mental N
5.Mucous membrane on
buccal surface of the
lower alveolar process is
supplied by the buccal
nerve in molar & premolar
region, & by mental n in
canine & incisor region
6.Mucous membrane lining lingual surface of the lower
alveolar process & floor of mouth is innervated by lingual
nerve
7.Mucous membrane of the cheek is innervated by buccal

nerve
8.The upper lip
receives it’s sensory
supply from infra
orbital nerve,
while the lower lip by

mental nerve
Tongue
 Mass of striated muscles covered with
the mucous membrane
 Divided into right and left halves by a
median septum
 Three parts:
• Oral (anterior ⅔)
• Pharyngeal (posterior ⅓)
• Root (base)
 Two surfaces:
• Dorsal
• Ventral
Dorsal Surface
 Divided into anterior two
third and posterior one
third by a V-shaped sulcus
terminalis.
 The apex of the sulcus
faces backward and is
marked by a pit called the
foramen cecum
 Foramen cecum, an
embryological remnant,
marks the site of the upper
end of the thyroglossal
duct
Dorsal Surface cont’d
 Anterior two third: mucosa is

rough, shows three types of
papillae:
 Filliform
 Fungiform
 Vallate
 Posterior one third: No
papillae but shows nodular
surface because of underlying
lymphatic nodules, the lingual
tonsils
Ventral Surface
 Smooth (no papillae)
 In the midline anteriorly, a
mucosal fold, frenulum
connects the tongue with the
floor of the mouth
 Lateral to frenulum, deep
lingual vein can be seen
through the mucosa
 Lateral to lingual vein, a fold
of mucosa forms the plica
fimbriata
Muscles
 The tongue is
composed of two
types of muscles:
• Intrinsic
• Extrinsic
Intrinsic Muscles
 Confined to tongue
 No bony attachment
 Consist of:
• Longitudinal fibers
• Transverse fibers
• Vertical fibers
• Function: Alter the shape of
the tongue
Extrinsic Muscles
 Connect the tongue to the
surrounding structures:
 soft palate mandible,
hyoid bone, styloid
process
 Include:
• Palatoglossus
• Genioglossus
• Hyoglossus
• Styloglossus
 Function: Help in
movements of the tongue
Movements
• Protrusion:
 Genioglossus on both sides acting together
• Retraction:
 Styloglossus and hyoglossus on both sides acting together
• Depression:
 Hyoglossus and genioglossus on both sides acting together
• Elevation:
 Styloglossus and palatoglossus on both sides acting together
Sensory Nerve
Supply
 Anterior ⅔:
• General sensations: Lingual
nerve
• Special sensations : chorda
tympani
 Posterior ⅓:
• General & special sensations:
glossopharyngeal
• nerve
 Base:
• General & special sensations:
internal laryngeal nerve
Motor Nerve
Supply
 Intrinsic muscles:
 Hypoglossal nerve
 Extrinsic muscles:
 All supplied by the
hypoglossal nerve,
except the
palatoglossus
 The palatoglossus
supplied by the
pharyngeal plexus
Blood Supply
• Arteries:
 Lingual artery Lingual Dorsal lingual
artery & vein artery & vein
 Tonsillar branch of facial

artery
 Ascending pharyngeal
artery
• Veins: Deep lingual
 Lingual vein, ultimately Hypoglossal
nerve
vein
drains into the internal

jugular vein
Lymphatic Drainage
• Tip:
• Submental nodes bilaterally
& then deep cervical nodes
• Anterior two third:

• Submandibular unilaterally
& then deep cervical nodes
• Posterior third:
• Deep cervical nodes
(jugulodigastric mainly)
Palate
 Lies in the roof of hard

the oral cavity
 Has two parts:
soft
• Hard (bony) palate
palate anteriorly
• Soft (muscular)
palate posteriorly
Hard Palate
 Lies in the roof of the oral cavity
 Forms the floor of the nasal cavity
 Formed by:
• Palatine processes of maxillae in
front
• Horizontal plates of palatine bones
behind
• Bounded by alveolar arches
Hard Palate
 Posteriorly, continuous
with soft palate
 Its undersurface covered
by mucoperiosteum
 Shows transverse ridges
in the anterior parts
 Attached to the posterior border
of the hard palate Soft Palate
 Covered on its upper and lower
surfaces by mucous membrane
 Composed of:
• Muscle fibers
• An aponeurosis
• Lymphoid tissue
• Glands
• Blood vessels
• Nerves
Palatine Aponeurosis
 Fibrous sheath
 Attached to posterior
border of hard palate
 Is expanded tendon of
tensor velli palatini
 Splits to enclose
musculus uvulae
 Gives origin & insertion
to palatine muscles
Muscles
 Tensor veli palatini
• Origin: spine of sphenoid; auditory tube
• Insertion: forms palatine aponeurosis
• Action: Tenses soft palate
• Levator veli palatini
• Origin:petrous temporal bone, auditory
tube, palatine aponeurosis
• Insertion: palatine aponeurosis
• Action: Raises soft palate
• Musculus uvulae
• Origin: posterior border of hard palate
• Insertion: mucosa of uvula
• Action: Elevates uvula
Muscles
• Palatoglossus
• Origin: palatine aponeurosis
• Insertion: side of tongue
• Action: pulls root of tongue upward,
narrowing oropharyngeal isthmus
• Palatopharyngeus
• Origin: palatine aponeurosis
• Insertion: posterior border of thyroid
cartilage
• Action: Elevates wall of the pharynx
Sensory Nerve Supply
• Mostly by the maxillary
nerve through its
branches:
• Greater palatine nerve
• Lesser palatine nerve
• Nasopalatine nerve
• Glossopharyngeal nerve
supplies the region of the
soft palate
Motor Nerve Supply
• All the muscles, except tensor veli palatini, are supplied by

the:
• Pharyngeal plexus
• Tensor veli palatini supplied by the:

• Nerve to medial pterygoid, a branch of the mandibular
division of the trigeminal nerve
Blood Supply
• Branches of the maxillary artery
• Greater palatine
• Lesser palatine
• Sphenopalatine
• Ascending palatine, branch of the

facial artery
• Ascending pharyngeal, branch of

the external carotid artery
• 1:-All of the followings are false except:-
• a-frenulum connecting tongue to roof of mouth.
• b-extrinsic muscles of tongue changing shape & position of tongue.
• c-There are only extrinsic muscles in the tongue
• d-extrinsic muscles of tongue are longitudinal, transverse & vertical.
• e-motor supply to the tongue by vagus N.
•5:-The maxilla:-
a. has body & 4 processes.
b. contains maxillary air sinus.
c. forming part of roof of mouth.
d. all the above are true.
e. none of the above is true.
• 14:-The oral cavity proper(all are true except):-
a-is the cavity within the alveolar margins of the maxillae and the
mandible
b-Its Roof is formed by the hard palate anteriorly
c-communicates with vestibule anterior to the 3rd molar tooth.
d-Its Floor is formed by the mylohyoid muscle.
e-The anterior 2/3rd of the tongue lies on the floor.

Oral Cavity 2024

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Oral Cavity 2024

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Oral Cavity 2024

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Oral Cavity

Tongue & Palate

Dr. Ali Al-najjar

The roof :-is formed by the hard and soft palate.

1.Upper teeth & supporting

anterior, middle & posterior superior alveolar nerves

Inferior alveolar nerves

7.Mucous membrane of the cheek is innervated by buccal

while the lower lip by

 Anterior two third: mucosa is

 Tonsillar branch of facial

drains into the internal

• Anterior two third:

 Lies in the roof of hard

• All the muscles, except tensor veli palatini, are supplied by

• Tensor veli palatini supplied by the:

• Ascending palatine, branch of the

• Ascending pharyngeal, branch of

You might also like