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Unit1 CFM ConceptCharacterisitc&BasicsVer1.1

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Kashish Benawat
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16 views15 pages

Unit1 CFM ConceptCharacterisitc&BasicsVer1.1

This is for MBA students

Uploaded by

Kashish Benawat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer & Information System

Hari Raghava
1
Computer System Concept
In basic term, a computer is an electronic device that processes data,
converting it into information that is useful to people. Any computer-
regardless of its type- is controlled by programmed instructions, which
gives the machine a purpose and tell it what to do.

An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in


its own memory unit, that can accept data (input), manipulate the data
according to specified rules (process), produce information (output) from
the processing, and store the results for future use.
Basic Computer Organization
A complete computer system consists of mainly four parts.
1. Hardware (The computer)
2. Software (Programs)
3. Data (Information)
4. User (People)

Hardware
The mechanical devices that make up the computer are called Hardware. A
computer’s hardware consists of interconnected electronic devices that you
can use to control the computer’s operation, input, and output.

Software
Software is a set of instructions that makes the computer perform tasks. In
other words we can say that, software tells the computer what to do. Here
the program refers to any piece of software
Basic Computer Organization cont…
Data
Data consist of individual facts or pieces of information that by themselves
may not make much sense to a person. A computer primary job is to process
these tiny pieces of data in various ways, converting them into useful
information

Users
Peoples are the computer operators, also known as users. One can argue that
some computer systems are complete without a person’s involvement;
however no computer is totally autonomous.
Even if a computer can do its job without a person sitting in front of it,
people still design, build, program, and repair computer system
Basic Computer Organization cont…
H/W S/W

DATA INFORMATION
People

Stored Procedure/
Data Controlling

• Major components of Information Systems


– Hardware (physical parts of a computer or other computing devices)
– Software (Instructions that tell hardware what to do)
– Data
– People, Procedures & Network
– Storage
5
Characteristic of Computers
• Automatic : Computer is an automatic device
and works as per the instruction/program
• Speed: Computer is a very fast device and is
capable of processing data very quickly as
compared to manual speed.
• Accuracy: Mostly it gives accurate and correct
results as per the instruction given to it.
• Diligence: Continuous work for hours as it is a
machine
• Versatility: It can do multiprocessing,
multiprogramming.
• Storage : It has the ability to store huge amount
of data for a very long period of time.

6
Characteristic of Computers cont…
• Backup : It has the capability to back up the
data and store it at another location or place.
• Availability: Data is available on the fly
anywhere, anytime.
• Presentation: It helps in the view/presentation
of data in different formats, views, graphs as
per the roles and responsibility of the user.
• Parallel work: Refer to simultaneous execution
of the same task on multiple processors to
obtain results faster.

7
Hardware – Definition and Why?
• Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer and
devices that perform the input, processing, storage, and output
activities of the computer.

• Hardware can support objective of the information system, and


goal of organization.

• Organization invest in computer hardware to improve worker


productivity, increase revenue, reduce cost, and provide better
customer service, Speed up time-to-market, and enable
collaboration among employees.

8
Hardware
• Motherboard : chipset that all components connect to
• Two major components in processing subsystem
• CPU (Central Processing Unit) or Processor(s)
• Primary Storage:
– Random Access Memory (RAM)
– Read Only Memory (ROM)

CPU

Busses that
transfer data
Primary Storage

9
Hardware - Processor

• Clock: generate time that


synchronize other components
Processor
Clock • ICU: Fetches instructions from
RAM
Instruction Arithmetic • ALU: Execute instructions (arithmetic &
Control Unit Logic Unit logic operations). Calculations are done
and all comparisons are done

• Registers: Store control


information, data, intermediate
Registers
results

10
Hardware – Primary Storage (Main memory)
 Computer’s memory stored on chips
 Two categories:
 RAM (Random Access Memory) which is volatile
 ROM (Read-Only Memory) which is non-volatile
 Capacity/Measurement in Megabytes (MB) or Gigabytes (GB)

• RAM holds running programs and the data


Primary Storage they use, intermediate and recent results of
processing. It is volatile memory.

RAM • ROM contains critical programs such as


those that boot the computer
Program Data
• Cache Memory: A CPU cache is a smaller,
faster memory used by the central processing
unit (CPU) of a computer to reduce the
average cost (time or energy) to access data
from the main memory.
ROM
11
Hardware – Secondary Storage
Secondary Storage (Auxillary Storage):
Supplements the limited capacity of main memory. It
retains information when computer is switched off.
• Magnetic storage devices
- magnetic tape
- magnetic disk

• Optical storage devices


- CD-ROM
- DVD
- Pen Drives

• Enterprise storage option


- NAS (Network Attached Storage)
- SAN (Storage Area Network)

Storage area networks (SANs) and (NAS)


network attached storage both provide networked
storage solutions. A NAS is a single storage device
that operates on data files, while a SAN is a
local network of multiple devices 12
Storage Devices: Magnetic Tape v Magnetic Disc
BASIS FOR
MAGNETIC TAPE MAGNETIC DISK
COMPARISON
Basic Used for backup, and Used as a secondary storage.
storage of less frequently
used information.
Physical Plastic thin, long, narrow Several platters arranged
strip coated with magnetic above each other to form a
material. cylinder, each platter has a
read-write head.
Use Idle for sequential access. Idle for random access.

Access Slower in data accessing. Fast in data accessing.


Storage Typically stores from 20 GB From Several hundred GB to
to 200 GB. Terabytes.

Expense Magnetic tapes are less Magnetic disk is more


expensive. expensive.
13
Hardware – I/O devices
Input Devices:
• Devices or H/W component used to entry
data to computer system.
• Input devices come in many forms.
- Personal Computer Input Devices
(Mouse, Keyboard..)
- Scanning devices
- Bar-code scanners

Output Devices:
• Provide output to user in many forms.
• Converts data into information in usable
format
- Display Monitor
- Printers

Input/Output devices
• Pen Drive
• CD/DVD
14
Summarization

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