Lecture 04 (Ch 02)

CSC 101 – Introduction

to Computing
Number Conversion
 Decimal to Binary and Binary to
Decimal
 Decimal to Octal and Octal to
Decimal
 Decimal to Hexadecimal and
Hexadecimal to Decimal
 Binary to Hexadecimal
 Octal to Hexadecimal
 Hexadecimal to Binary and Octal

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Data and Program
Representation
• Digital Data Representation
– Coding Systems
• Used to represent data and programs in a manner
understood by the computer
– Digital Computers
• Can only understand two states, off and on
(0 and 1)
– Digital Data Representation
• The process of representing
data in digital form so it can be
understood by a computer

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Digital Data Representation

– Bit
• The smallest unit of data that a
binary computer can recognize
(a single 1 or 0)
– Byte = 8 bits
• Byte terminology used to express
the size of documents and other
files, programs, etc.
– Prefixes are often used to express larger quantities of
bytes: kilobyte (KB), megabyte (MB), gigabyte (GB),
terabyte (TB), petabyte (PB), exabyte (EB), zettabyte (ZB),
yottabyte (YB).

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 Representing Numerical
Data
• Numbering System
 A way of representing numbers
• Decimal numbering system
 Uses 10 symbols (0-9)
• Binary numbering system
 Uses only two symbols (1 and 0) to represent all
possible numbers
• In both systems, the position of the digits determines
the
power to which the base number (such as 10 or 2)
is raised

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Representing Numerical
Data

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 Coding Systems for
Text-Based Data
• ASCII (American Standard Code for
Information Interchange)
– Coding system traditionally used
with personal computers
• EBCDIC (Extended Binary-Coded
Decimal Interchange Code)
– Developed by IBM, primarily
for
mainframes

7
 Coding Systems for
Text-Based Data
• Unicode
– Newer code (32 bits per character is common)
– Universal coding standard designed to represent text-
based data written in any ancient or modern language
– Replacing ASCII as the primary text-coding system

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 Coding Systems for
Other Types of Data
• Graphics Data (still images such as photos or drawings)
– Bitmapped images
• Image made of up of a grid of small dots called pixels
• Monochrome graphic can only be one of two colors
– Requires just one bit for color storage
• Images with more than two colors
– Can use 4, 8, or 24 bits to store the color data for
each pixel
– More bits = more colors

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Coding Systems for
Other Types of Data

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 Coding Systems for
Other Types of Data
• Audio Data
– Must be in digital form in order to be stored on or
processed by a computer
– Often compressed when sent over the Internet
• MP3 files are 10 times smaller than their uncompressed
digital versions
• Download more quickly and take up less storage space
• Video Data
– Displayed using a collection of frames, each frame contains
a still image
– Amount of data can be substantial, but can be compressed

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 Representing Software
Programs
• Machine language
– Binary-based language for representing computer
programs the computer can execute directly
– Early programs were written in machine language
– Today’s programs still need to be translated into
machine language in order to be understood by the
computer

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Decimal To Binary
1

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Decimal To Binary
 (151)10 = (10010111)2

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Decimal to Binary (with Fractions)

 (12.75)10 = (1100.11)2

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Binary to Decimal

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Binary to Decimal

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Binary to Decimal
 11100012 = 11310

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 Binary to Decimal

 111001111012 =
185310
 110110102 = 21810

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Binary to Decimal (with
Fractions)
 (10.011010101)2 =
(2.416015625)10

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Exercise Decimal to
Binary

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Decimal to Octal
 432110 = 103418

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 Octal to Decimal

 7438 = 48310 265258 = 1160510

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Exercise Decimal to
Octal

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Exercise Octal to
Decimal

 266018 =
 14228 =

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Decimal to
Hexadecimal

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Decimal to
Hexadecimal

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Hexadecimal to Decimal

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Hexadecimal to Decimal
 (ABC.123)16 =
(2748.0710449219)10

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Comparison Base 2 to
Base 16

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Binary to Hexadecimal

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Hexadecimal to Binary and Octal

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Octal to Hexadecimal

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Exercise Binary to
Hexadecimal
 (10110101010101  (1100010010)2
)2

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Exercise Octal to
Hexadecimal
 (344)8  (1422)8

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 Number System
Program
 Genius Maker
 Free software
 Use the number system

http://www.goldenkstar.com/number-system-school-software-
maths.htm
36
Summary
 Number System
 Decimal

 Binary

 Octal

 Hexadecimal

 Number conversion

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Recommended
Websites
 http://www.cdrummond.qc.ca/cege
p/informat/Professeurs/Alain/files/a
scii.htm
 http://www.lookuptables.com/ebcdi
c_scancodes.php
 http://math.comsci.us/radix/hexade
cimal.html

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 Number System -
Exercise
Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecima
l
(786)10 (1100010010)2 (1422)8 (312)16
(555)10 (1000101011)2 (1053)8 (22B)16
(228)10 (11100100)2 (786)8 (786)16
(179)10 (10110011)2 (786)8 (786)16
(483)10 (111100011)2 (743)8 (1E3)16
(4012)10 (111110101100)2 (7643)8 (FAC)16
(4321)10 (1000011100001)2 (10341)8 (10E1)16
(1853)10 (11100111101)2 (3475)8 (73D)16
(9526)10 (1001010011011)2 (22466)8 (2536)16
(11605)1 (10110101010101 (26525)8 (2D55)16
0
)2
(48879)1 (11111101110111 (137357)8 (BEEF)16 39