108443 – Introduction to

Information Technology

Week-5(Operators & Conditionals)

12/28/2024
Python Operators
 Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
 E.g., Consider the expression 4 + 5. Here, 4 and 5 are called
operands and + is called the operator.
 Python divides the operators in the following groups
 Arithmetic operators
 Assignment operators
 Comparison operators
 Logical operators
 Identity operators
 Membership operators
 Bitwise operators
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Arithmetic Operators

 Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to

perform common mathematical operations

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Arithmetic Operators

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Example

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Assignment Operators
 Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

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Assignment Operators..

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Comparison Operators
 Comparison operators are used to compare two values. It
returns either True or False according to the condition

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Comparison Operators..

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Example

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 Logical Operators
 Logical operators are used to combine conditional
statements. It returns either True or False according to the
condition
Marks Grade
80 or above A
Between 60 and 80 B
Between 40 and 60 C
Less than 40 F

if marks of student > 80 (then give him/her A grade)

if marks of student > 60 and if marks of student < 80 (then give him/her B grade)
What will be problem if we right this second condition as if marks of student > 60
if marks of student > 40 and if marks of student < 60 (then give him/her C grade)
if marks of student < 40 (then give him/her F grade)

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Logical Operators..

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Example

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Bitwise operators
 In Python, bitwise operators are performed on bit by bit,
hence the name bitwise operators. Then the result is
returned in decimal format.

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Bitwise operators..
 Let's first understand representation of number in bits.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
60 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
13 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
60&13 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0

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Bitwise operators..

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Decision Making Statements

 Decision making is required when we want to execute a code

only if a certain condition is satisfied.

 The if, elif, else statement is used in Python for decision

making.

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Operation of if Statement

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If Statement Syntax

 Here, the program evaluates the test expression and

will execute statement(s) only if the test expression is
True.

 If the test expression is False, the statement(s) is not

executed.

 In Python, the body of the if statement is indicated by

the indentation. The body starts with an indentation
and the first un-indented line marks the end.

 Python interprets non-zero values as True. None and

0 are interpreted as False.
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Scenario 1: Check whether number is POSITIVE or not

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Scenario 2: Which lines will be shown on Console

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Scenario 3: Which lines will be shown on Console

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Scenario: Shopping Mall

Amount Discount
Less than 1000 No discount
greater than equal to 1000 25%
greater than equal to 5000 50%

Write a Program for following

1. Suppose amount = 100
2. Only print the % discount to be given
3. Now check you code for amount = 500, 1100, 2500, 5500

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Scenario: Shopping Mall..

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Scenario: Shopping Mall..

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Scenario: Shopping Mall..

Let's Solve this Issue…

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Scenario: Shopping Mall..

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Scenario: Shopping Mall..

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Operation of if else statement

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Check if the number is positive or negative

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Given 2 numbers Check which number is greater

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if elif else
 The elif allows us to check for multiple
expressions.

 If the condition for if is False, it checks the

condition of the next elif block and so on.

 If all the conditions are False, the body of else

is executed.

 Only one block among the several if...elif...else

blocks is executed according to the condition.

 The if block can have only one else block. But

it can have multiple elif blocks.

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Scenario: Shopping Mall..

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Exercise: Conditional Statements and Operators
 Write a Python program to determine if a person qualifies for
a club membership discount. The criteria are:
• The person must be under 21 years old or over 60 years old.
• Alternatively, if the person is a student, they also qualify for a
discount

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