Skeleton

SKELETAL SYSTEM
 Skeleton of body comprised of BONES and

Cartilage
 Both are made up of specialized connective
tissue called skeletal (Sclerous ) tissue

 It can bear weight without bending and has
considerable tensile strength

 Skeletal system consists of the same
components (eg. Cells, matrix) as in a

general connective tissue, but physically
differs from it as its matrix is solidified
Functions
 1. Form a rigid framework of the body
 2. Provides protection to the viscera ( viz.
heart, brain, lungs, liver, etc.,)

 3. Provides leverage for the body
movements
TYPES OF
SKELETON
 2 types based on the arrangement
 1. Axial
 2. Appendicular
 AXIAL SKELETON :
 Consists of bones and cartilages that lie close
to the central axis of the body.

 It includes the skull, auditory ossciles, hyoid
bone, vertebral column and rib cage.

Axial skeleton
Axial Skeleton
 1. Skull : two sets bones – the cranial bones that
from the cranium or brain case and the facial
bone.
 2. Auditory ossciles : 3 small bones present in
each middle ear cavity of the skull. They are

bones within the bone
 3. Hyoid Bone : located above the larnyx and
below the lower jaw

 4. Vertebral column (back bone) :
 Consists of 33 vertebrae
 Cervical -7
 Thoracic – 12
 Lumbar -5
 Sacral -5
 Coccygeal – 4
5. Rib cage :
forms the bony and cartilaginous frame
work of thoracic cavity
Consists of 12 pairs of ribs with costal cartilage
and sternum in front.
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
 Comprises of bones of upper limb and lower limb.
 Along with bony gridles that anchor these
extremities.
 1. Pectoral region : consists of both side of
Clavicles &
Scapulae
2. Bones of Upper limb
1. Humerus
2. Radius
3. Ulna
4. Carpal bones
5. Meta carpals
6. Phalanges
Appendicular skeleton
 3. Pelvic gridle :
 Consists of Hip bones
 4. Bones of Lower Limb :
 Femur
 Patella
 Tibia
Fibula
 Tarsals
 Metatarsals
 Phalanges
Axial Skeleton : Number of bones Number of bones Total
1. Skull - 22 Un Paired : 4 Paired : 4
i) Cranium Frontal -1 Temporal – 2 4 +4 = 8
Occipital - 1 Occipital -2
Sphenoid -1
Ethmoid -1
ii) Facial Unpaired : 2 Paired : 12 2+12 = 14
Mandible -1 Maxilla -2
Vomer -1 Conchae -2
Nasal -2
Lacrimal -2
Zygomatic -2
Palatine -2
2. Ear Ossicles - Paired : 6 6

Maleus – 2
Incus -2
Stapes - 2
3. Hyoid bone 1 1
Axial Skeleton Number of bones Number of bones Total
4. Thoracic cage : Unpaired : Paired : 24+1=25

Sternum -1 Ribs – 24
5. Vertebral column - 26
Cervical -7
Thoracic – 12
Lumbar – 5
Sacrum-1
Coccyx -1
Total - 80
Appendicular Skeleton - Number of bones Total
126
1. Shoulder gridle 2+2=4
Clavicle – 2
Scapula -2
2. Upper Limb 60
Humerus -2
Radius-2
Ulna-2
Carpals -16
Metacarpals - 10
Phalanges- 28
3. Pelvic gridle Hip bones - 2 2

4. Lower limb Femur -2 60
Patella -2
Fibula -2
Tibia -2
Tarsals – 14
Meta tarsals – 10
Phalanges - 28
Skeleton Number of bones Total
Axial Skeleton 80
Appendicular skeleton 126
Total 206
Lattisimus dorsi
 Covers large area of lower back
 Overlapped by Trapezius
 Origin :
 Post 1/3 of outer lip of Illiac crest
 Post layer of Lumbar fascia
 T7-T12 spines & Lower 4 ribs
 Inferior angle of Scapula
 Insertion : winds around the lower border of
Teres major & forms Post fold of Axilla

 Tendon twisted upside down & inserted into
floor of the Inter tubercular sulcus of

Humerus
 Nerve supply :
 Thoraco dorsal nerve (C6-C8)
 Actions :
 Adduction, extension & Medial rotation of
Shoulder
 Swimming, rowing, climbing, pulling, folding
arm behind the back & scratching the

opposite scapula
 Helps in violent expiratory effort like
coughing, sneezing, etc

 Climbing Muscle
 Holds inferior angle of Scapula in place
Origin Insertion Nerve supply Action
Levator scapulale Medial border of 3rd & 4th cervical

Transverse process scapula ( dorsal) nerve (C3,C4) Elevation of
of atlas(C1) & superior angle Twig from dorsal scapula
axis(C2) & posterior to root of spine scapular nerve Steadies Scapula
tubercles on (C5) during
transverse movement of
processes of C3,C4. arm
Rhomboideus Base of the root Dorsal scapular Retraction of the

minor Lower part of the spine of nerve (C5) scapula
of ligamentum Scapula
nuchae
C7-T1spines
Rhomboideus Medial border of Dorsal scapular Retraction of
major Scapula below the nerve (C5) Scapula
T2-T5 Spines root of Spine
Supraspinous
ligaments
Triangle of auscltation
 Small triangular interval bounded
 Medially –lateral border of Trapezius
 Laterally – medial border of scapula
 Inferiorly – upper border of Lattisimus
dorsi
Floor : 6th & 7th rib and VI Inter Costal Space
 Only part of back not covered by the big
muscles
 Respiratory sounds of apex of lower lobe
heard through stethoscope

LUMBAR TRIANGLE OF PETIT
 Small triangle surrounded
by muscles bounded
 Medially – lateral border
of Latissimus dorsi
 Laterally – Post border
of External obique
 Inferiorly – illiac crest
( Base)
 Lumbar hernia –
occasional hernia at this
site

Skeleton

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SKELETAL SYSTEM

 Skeleton of body comprised of BONES and

tissue called skeletal (Sclerous ) tissue

considerable tensile strength

components (eg. Cells, matrix) as in a

heart, brain, lungs, liver, etc.,)

to the central axis of the body.

bone, vertebral column and rib cage.

each middle ear cavity of the skull. They are

below the lower jaw

2. Ear Ossicles - Paired : 6 6

4. Thoracic cage : Unpaired : Paired : 24+1=25

3. Pelvic gridle Hip bones - 2 2

Appendicular skeleton 126

Teres major & forms Post fold of Axilla

floor of the Inter tubercular sulcus of

arm behind the back & scratching the

coughing, sneezing, etc

Levator scapulale Medial border of 3rd & 4th cervical

Rhomboideus Base of the root Dorsal scapular Retraction of the

heard through stethoscope

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