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Forward and Backward

Numerical Methods

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Prateek Mishra
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16 views7 pages

Forward and Backward

Numerical Methods

Uploaded by

Prateek Mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Forward and

backward
interpolation
Er. Sudip rana
Introduction
Suppose we have following set of data
x 5 10 15 20 25 30
y 7 4 9 2 ? 5

What is the value of y corresponding to x=25?


Thus interpolation is a technique or process of finding the
intermediate value of dependent variable corresponding to
independent variable i.e function.
If estimation is done between the given range () then it is called
interpolation and if it done outside the given range, It is called
extrapolation.
But process is same for both.
We create a function i.e polynomial curve which helps to estimate
Continue………
If the given value of independent variable are equally
spaced(equal interval) then we use newton’s forward,
backward and central difference technique.
But if it is not equally spaced(unequal interval) then
Lagrange interpolation is best choice.
For above given data points x0=5, x1=10, x2=15 ……… here
we can see the gap between successive data is same (h=5)
We can say x1=x0+h, x2=x0+2h, x3=x0+3h,
………….,xn=x0+ph.
Newton’s forward and backward interpolation
Newton’s forward interpolation formula is
y=f(x)=
= forward difference operator.
This formula is used to estimate the value of y at the beginning
of the table or extrapolate the value at the left of table.
Newton’s backward interpolation formula is
y=f(x)=
∇=backward difference operator.
This formula is used to estimate the value of y near the end of
the table or extrapolate the value at the right of table.
Forward difference table
x y

5 4
6-4=2
10 6 -3-2= -5
3-6= -3 10-(-5)=15
15 3 7-(-3)=10 -15-15= -
30
10-3=7 -5-10= -15 13-(-30)=
43
20 10 2-7= -5 -2-(-15)=
13
12-10=2 -7-(-5)= -2
25 12 -5-2 = -7
7-12= -5
Backward difference table
x y y y y y

5 4

10 6 -5

-3 15

15 3 10 -30

7 -15 43

20 10 -5 13

2 -2

25 12 -7

-5

30 7
question
1. From the given data find the number of men who obtained wages between 40
and 45
wages 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
number 31 42 51 35 31
ans(17)
2. Find y when x=218 and x= 410.
Height 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
(x)
Distan 10.63 13.03 15.04 16.81 18.42 19.90 21.27
ans(15.7,21.53)
ce(y)

10of sin at 20
3. Find the value 30
=25 and 55 40 50
sin 0.1736 0.3420 0.5000 0.6428 0.7660
ans(0.4226,0.8192)

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