CAPSTONE

PROJECT - 1

SUBMITTED BY:
S.DEVESH (192325116)
B.TECH AI & ML
S.NAVEEN(192324248)

Department of Computer Science and

Engineering

Guided by

NAME: DR.ANITHA
SUBJECT CODE: CSA0765
SUBJECT NAME: COMPUTER NETWORKS FOR
SECURE ACCESS SERVICE EDGE
SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING,SIMATS
CHENNAI-602105
 CAPSTONE PROJECT

Introduction
make easy than
Dynamic Routing in Police Station Networks
Key Role:
• Adapts Quickly: Automatically changes routes as network conditions change.
• Optimized Paths: Always finds the best route, reducing delays.
Advantages:
• Reliable Communication: EIGRP and BGP adjust routes based on real-time
conditions, ensuring smooth data flow.
• Efficient Routing: Reduces manual work, making the network more efficient.
Simulation Tools:
• Cisco Packet Tracer: Test and implement routing protocols before deploying
them.
• Scalability & Resilience: Helps create robust networks that can grow and adapt

Problem Statements:
Problem Statements
1. Dynamic Routing Algorithms:
1. Challenge: Design and implement adaptive routing using Cisco Packet Tracer.
2. Goal: Ensure optimized data flow with automatic route adjustments.
2. Network Infrastructure Deployment:
1. Challenge: Deploy LANs for departments and WANs for external links.
2. Goal: Ensure reliable, secure communication across the network.
3. Dynamic Routing Protocols (BGP & EIGRP):
1. Challenge: Configure and optimize routing based on real-time conditions.
2. Goal: Provide efficient, reliable routing for internal and external connections.
4. IP Address Management:
1. Challenge: Efficiently manage IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
2. Goal: Avoid conflicts and ensure scalability.
5. Peering Sessions & TCP/IP Connectivity:
1. Challenge: Maintain secure peering sessions between routers.
2. Goal: Ensure uninterrupted communication with external systems.
6. Network Performance Optimization:
1. Challenge: Determine shortest paths to minimize delays.
2. Goal: Optimize routing for fast, secure communication.
 1)Design and Implementation of Dynamic Routing Algorithms Using
Packet Tracer
The goal of this task is to simulate dynamic routing protocols within a police
station network using Cisco Packet Tracer. This tool allows for designing
network infrastructures, configuring routers and switches, and testing protocols
like EIGRP and BGP in a virtual environment before real-world implementation.
For the police station network, EIGRP will manage internal routing (LANs),
while BGP will handle routing between the station and external sites (WANs).
These dynamic protocols adjust routing paths based on real-time conditions,
ensuring uninterrupted communication even during network changes or failures.
Using Packet Tracer, we can simulate network scenarios, test protocol
performance, and ensure efficient and adaptive routing. This approach guarantees
that the police station network is reliable, scalable, and performs optimally.

Design and Implementation Steps:

1. Network Topology Creation:
Begin by designing a network that includes multiple LANs and one WAN
link. Each LAN is connected to a router, and all routers are linked via a
central
WAN to simulate a wide area network.
2. IP Address Allocation and Subnetting:
Assign IP addresses to each network segment using subnetting
techniques. The use of subnetting optimizes the allocation of the limited
IPv4 address
space, and IPv6 may also be used for future-proofing.
3. Router Configuration:
Using the CLI (Command-Line Interface), configure the routers for EIGRP
and BGP. Routers dynamically exchange routing information, which
updates
the routing tables based on changes in network conditions.
4. Testing and Validation:
After configuration, test the network by simulating different scenarios
(e.g., link failures or traffic congestion). Validate the dynamic routing
 2)Deploy a Network Infrastructure Consisting of LANs and WAN
Connections The deployment of a network infrastructure in this capstone project
involves setting up eight LANs connected via routers, which in turn are linked to
each other through a WAN connection. Each LAN represents a localized network
for a specific department or section of an organization, while the WAN connects
these LANs over a broader geographic area.
Steps in Network Deployment:
1. LAN Setup:
For each LAN, create a subnet with assigned IP ranges. Devices within
each LAN, such as workstations and servers, are manually configured with
IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, and DNS server information.
2. WAN Setup:
WAN links are configured between routers using a dedicated subnet. The
WAN simulates long-distance connections between different geographic
locations or departments in large organizations.
3. Routing Protocol Integration:
After setting up the physical infrastructure, dynamic routing protocols
(EIGRP
within the LANs, BGP across the WAN) are implemented. These protocols
ensure that routing decisions are made dynamically based on current
network conditions, improving overall performance and reliability.

3)Utilization of Dynamic Routing Protocols Such as BGP and EIGRP

Dynamic routing protocols like EIGRP and BGP are essential for optimizing
the network’s performance by allowing routers to automatically update their
routing tables in response to network changes. In this network setup:
 EIGRP is primarily used for intra-domain routing within an
autonomous system (AS), such as routing within an organization's
LANs.
 BGP handles routing between different autonomous systems,
How These Protocols Work:
1. EIGRP:
EIGRP is a hybrid protocol, combining the best features of distance-vector
and link-state routing. It calculates the best path to a destination based on
a
composite metric that considers bandwidth, delay, load, and reliability. It’s
fast in convergence, meaning it quickly updates routes when a change
occurs in the network.
2. BGP:
BGP is used for routing between different autonomous systems. It selects
routes based on the AS path, preferring shorter AS paths to optimize
routing. BGP’s design allows it to handle the routing complexity of the
internet and large-scale networks.
Benefits of Using EIGRP and BGP:
 Scalability:
Both protocols scale well, with BGP being the backbone of the internet.
 Adaptability:
These protocols dynamically adjust routes in response to network
conditions, preventing downtime and improving traffic flow.

4) Efficiently Managing IP Address Allocation Using IPv4 and IPv6

A key component of network management is the efficient allocation of IP
addresses. In this project, both IPv4 and IPv6 are employed to handle IP addressing
needs.
IPv4:
IPv4, the older but widely used addressing scheme, uses a 32-bit address format.
This protocol’s limited address space necessitates the use of subnetting to divide
networks into smaller, more manageable segments. The goal is to minimize
address
wastage while ensuring each device has a unique IP address within its network.
addresses. This makes it ideal for large-scale networks that require many devices
to be online simultaneously. Additionally, IPv6 improves network performance
with features like auto-configuration and better routing efficiency.

5)Maintaining Peering Sessions, Connecting to Neighboring

Autonomous Systems via TCP/IP
BGP plays a critical role in maintaining peering sessions between neighboring
autonomous systems (ASes). These peering sessions allow for the exchange
of
routing information across ASes, which is essential for routing traffic on a
global scale.
Establishing Peering Sessions:
 TCP/IP is used to establish and maintain peering sessions between BGP
routers. Once a TCP connection is established, BGP routers exchange
routing
information, enabling them to dynamically route traffic based on changes
in the network.
Benefits of Peering Sessions:
 Resiliency:
If one peering session fails, traffic is rerouted through another AS,
ensuring continuous connectivity.
 Load Balancing:
Peering allows for traffic distribution across multiple paths,
avoiding bottlenecks and improving overall network performance.

6)Optimizing Network Performance by Determining Shortest Path

via HTTPS/DNS
Dynamic routing algorithms optimize network performance by determining
the
shortest path for data transmission. Protocols like EIGRP use metrics such as
HTTPS and DNS Optimization:
 HTTPS:
Ensuring secure data transmission over the shortest path reduces latency
and improves the overall user experience when accessing web services.
 DNS:
Proper routing of DNS traffic ensures that domain name resolutions
happen quickly, further enhancing network performance.
By prioritizing paths with the lowest latency and highest available bandwidth,
dynamic routing protocols enhance performance, especially for time-
sensitive applications like web browsing, video streaming, and VoIP services.

Final Verdict
The use of dynamic routing algorithms like EIGRP and BGP is a powerful
method for optimizing network performance in both local and wide area
networks. Their
ability to dynamically adjust routing paths based on real-time network
conditions leads to faster convergence, improved fault tolerance, and efficient
bandwidth utilization.
By integrating these protocols into the network design via Packet Tracer, the
project
showcases the benefits of automation in routing, enhancing the resiliency and
performance of the network. Additionally, the use of both IPv4 and IPv6 ensures
future-proofing, while the efficient management of peering sessions via BGP
enhances inter-domain routing. Ultimately, dynamic routing is essential for
modern networks, allowing them to scale and adapt to the increasing demands of
global connectivity.