POWER ELECTRONICS

UNIT:II – SINGLE-PHASE FULY

CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

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OBJECTIVE

Students will be able

To know about the basic operation

of Single-phase fully controlled
rectifier.

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SINGLE-PHASE CONTROLLED
RECTIFIER-R LOAD

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WAVEFORMS

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ANALYSIS

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SINGLE-PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED
RECTIFIER – RL LOAD - CCM

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WAVEFORMS

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DERIVATION
  
1
VOdc  Vdc   vO .d  t 
  t 

    
1
VOdc  Vdc    Vm sin  t.d  t 
   
   
Vm 
VOdc  Vdc    cos  t 
   
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DERIVATION

VO dc  Vdc
Vm
  cos   cos     ;

cos      cos 
Vm
VO dc  Vdc   cos   cos  

2Vm
 VO dc  Vdc  cos 

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RMS VOLTAGE –
Derivation
The single phase full converter gives two
output voltage pulses during the input supply
time period and hence the single phase full
converter is referred to as a two pulse converter.
The rms output voltage can be calculated as
 
2  
  vO .d  t 
2
VORMS  
2   
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RMS VOLTAGE –
Derivation
 
1 
 Vm sin  t.d  t 
2 2
VO RMS  
   
 
Vm2  
  sin  t.d  t 
2
VO RMS  
   
V   
2
1  cos 2 t  
.d  t 
  
m
VO RMS 
   2 
   
Vm2  
VO RMS     d  t    cos 2 t.d  t 
2    
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RMS VOLTAGE –
Derivation
   
Vm2   sin 2 t  
VORMS     t    
2    2   
V 2
  sin 2      sin 2  
VORMS           
m

2   2  

Vm2   sin 2  2   sin 2  

VORMS         ;
2   2  
sin 2  2  sin 2
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RMS VOLTAGE –
Derivation
Vm2   sin 2  sin 2 
VORMS        
2   2 
2 2
V V Vm
VORMS      0 
m
 m

2 2 2
Vm
VORMS   VS
2
Hence the rms output voltage is same as the
rms input supply voltage
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RECAP

22  22VVmm
 
VVdcdc  VVmm sin
sin ttdd
 tt 
 cos
cos 
22  
22  22 22 VVmm
VVrms 
rms   VVmm sin
sin 
 ttddtt 
22  22

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SINGLE-PHASE FULL
CONVERTER

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CHARACTERISTICS
V O( dc)

V dm

0. 6V dm

0. 2 V dm

0
30 60 90 120 150 180
- 0 .2 Vdm

- 0 .6 V dm

- V dm
Trigger angle in degrees
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DCM OPERATION

The load current is discontinuous for low values of load

inductance and for large values of trigger angles.

For large values of load inductance the load current flows

continuously without falling to zero.

Generally the load current is continuous for large load

inductance and for low trigger angles.

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WAVEFORMS
v OO Vm
m

t
0


i OO


t
0 
  
( ) ( )
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DERIVATION

1
VOdc  Vdc   v O .d  t 
 t

1 
VOdc  Vdc   Vm sin  t.d  t 
  

Vm  
VOdc  Vdc    cos  t 
   

Vm
VOdc  Vdc  cos   cos  

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RMS OUTPUT VOLTAGE

To calculate the RMS output voltage we use

the expression

1 2 2 
VORMS    Vm sin  t.d  t 
  

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 SINGLE-PHASE FULLY 22
CONTROLLED RECTIFIER – RLE
LOAD - CCM

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WAVEFORMS

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By varying the trigger angle we can vary the

output dc voltage across the load. Hence we can
control the dc output power flow to the load.
For trigger angle  , 0 to 90 0
i.e., 0  90 ;
0

cos  is positive and hence Vdc is positive

Vdc & I dc are positive ; Pdc Vdc I dc  is positive
Converter operates as a Controlled Rectifier.
Power flow is from the ac source to the load.
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For trigger angle  , 900 to 1800

i.e., 90 0
 180 0
,
cos is negative and hence
Vdc is negative; I dc is positive ;
Pdc Vdc I dc  is negative.
In this case the converter operates
as a Line Commutated Inverter.
Power flows from the load ckt. to the i/p ac source.
The inductive load energy is fed back to the
i/p source.
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SINGLE-PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED
RECTIFIER – RLE LOAD - DCM

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INVERSION MODE OF OPERATION OF
FULLY CONTROLLED RECTIFIER

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WAVEFORMS

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APPLICATIONS OF
CONTROLLED RECTIFIER
 DC motor control in steel mills, paper and textile
mills employing dc motor drives.
AC fed traction system using dc traction motor.
Electro-chemical and electro-metallurgical processes.
Magnet power supplies.
Reactor controls.
Portable hand tool drives.
Variable speed industrial drives.
Battery charges.
High voltage DC transmission.
Uninterruptible power supply systems (UPS).

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OUTCOME

Students can be able

To demonstrate the working of single-phase

fully controlled converter.

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ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

1. Differentiate HCR and fCR.

2. List out the applications of full-converter.

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