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Causes of Conflict

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27 views19 pages

Causes of Conflict

Uploaded by

christine.iheanacho
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GST 222:

PEACE AND CONFLICT


STUDIES
CAUSES OF CONFLICT
INTRODUCTION

• Conflict is a fact of life inevitable and often creative. Conflicts take place
when people pursue goals which clash. Disagreements and conflicts are
usually resolved without violence, and often lead to an improved situation
for most or all of those involved. The word ‘conflict’ is a concept
synonymous with human behaviors. Since man cannot exist in isolation,
then in the course of interactions with other members of the community,
there will be disagreements, intrigues and misunderstanding.
INTRODUCTION

• The disagreement or misunderstanding occurs in forms of revolution


or war. The reasons for the conflict may as a result of cheating or
struggle for a beneficial goal. Conflict is everywhere. Every
relationship has conflict. It exists inside us. It exists around us. It is
natural and an inevitable part of all human social relationships. It
occurs at all levels of society - intrapsychic, interpersonal, intragroup,
intergroup, intranational and international (Osimen, 2010).
INTRODUCTION

• Conflict is ubiquitous at all levels of human social relationships.


Some social scientists have given conflict a bad reputation by
linking it with psychopathology, social disorder and war
(Burton, 1990).
• It is clear that conflict is with us whether we like it or not.
RESOURCE SOURCE

• Human wants are generally said by economists to be insatiable.


The resources are limited and human want are unlimited,
therefore, the struggle for the limited available resources would
result to destructive dimension or conflict. Conflicts can emerge
due to resources. It is very easy to identify any conflicts that
emerge consequent on resources.
RESOURCE SOURCE

• These conflicts erupt when two or more parties aspire for scarce
resources. It is economic phenomenon of demand and supply.
Thus, there is tendency for emergence of conflict in a situation
whereby the aspiring parties in their demands are more than the
available (scarce) resources. Some political analysts have held a
contrary view, argued that conflict can emerge as a result of
over-availability of resources.
RESOURCE SOURCE

• For instance, before the advent of ‘Petro-Naira’ or discovery of


crude oil in Nigeria in 1970s, Niger-Delta enjoyed a relative
peace, until the crude oil discovery. This discovery, rather than
be a blessing, has become a curse to the region. The Region is
now baptized with environmental degradation, catastrophic
increase in inter communal crisis, insurgency and counter
insurgency, political exclusion and structural backwardness.
RESOURCE SOURCE

• The conflict in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria can


be easily identified due to the Resource nature of the
conflict. A classic business example of resource conflict
is the annual budget process. Since businesses have
limited resources, executive management has to decide
how to allocate available funds in such a way as to
make the firm most profitable.
RESOURCE SOURCE

Budget allocations directly translate into new equipment,


additions or deletions to staff, training, travel, and other critical
department needs. As a result, resources conflicts are common.
The strategically minded security manager will learn to
quantitatively align his or her department’s objectives and
proposed resource allocation with those of the firm.
INTRODUCTION

Budget allocations directly translate into new equipment,


additions or deletions to staff, training, travel, and other critical
department needs. As a result, resources conflicts are common.
The strategically minded security manager will learn to
quantitatively align his or her department’s objectives and
proposed resource allocation with those of the firm.
VALUE SYSTEMS

• Conflict may occur as a result of contradicting value system such as


religious beliefs, ideological position, culture etc. most cases, people could
die for what they believe in. Conflict may also emerge due to differences
in the value of the people or organizations. Value includes philosophy,
religion, and ideology among others. The values describe our personalities,
our potentials and our shortcomings, even our down-lows
PSYCHOLOGICAL NEED

• This involves personal and group self-actualization. Some


people are innately trouble maker and their presence would
always pollute any social atmosphere. The problems created by
such people are, most of the time, neither related to resources;
they could be products of malfunctional value systems. E.g.
When people are denied of love, friendship etc it can result to
frustration and then, open for conflict.
PSYCHOLOGICAL NEED

• Any conflict that arises due to psychological needs are those


that cannot be seen. Psychological needs are psychical in nature,
as they involve a mental phenomenon within an emotional
framework. Different people with different levels of perception,
and one’s perception determine the direction of his relationship
with other parties.
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

• Information plays a vital role in the conduct of human and organizational


interactions or relationships. Information if not well -managed can
generate conflict situation. The way an average informed person perceives
things will definitely be different from the way an uniformed individual
will behave on a specific issue at a given time. The way information are
passed or circulated in a particular environment could either cause conflict
or build peace.
INFORMATION IS CRUCIAL

• Information is crucial and central to conflict situation in


organizations and societies. It is one of the courses of conflict,
and a veritable means of resolving it. Inadequate information
communication and its breakdown between the government and
the governed, and within organizations can result into conflict.
•
INFORMATION IS CRUCIAL

• Also, when there are deficiencies in information dissemination


system, conflict results. Information deficiency means that there
is misinformation in the community or organization and this can
result into discontentment with government policies, can cause
information distortions, communication failure, and lack of
understanding among the people.
“

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