AI & MACHINE LEARNING

HIM L100
COMPUTER APPLICATION IN HEALTHCARE I

Herbert De Pacesetter
 AI

• AI is a branch of
computer science
aiming to create
systems capable of
human-like
intelligence.
 AI EVOLUTION

• AI has evolved from its inception in the 1950s to

modern deep learning.
• Milestones include expert systems, neural networks,
and the current surge in deep learning and AI
applications.
 AI BREAKDOWN

AI perform tasks by mimicking human intelligence.

There are also several subsets of AI, most of which
describe even smaller subfields. Some examples include:
Machine learning
Robotic process automation
Natural language processing (NLP)
Artificial neural networks.
 TYPES OF AI
 Artificial Narrow Intelligence: AI designed to complete very specific actions; unable to
independently learn.
Artificial General Intelligence: AI designed to learn, think and perform at similar levels to
humans.
Artificial Superintelligence: AI able to surpass the knowledge and capabilities of humans.
Reactive Machines: AI capable of responding to external stimuli in real time; unable to
build memory or store information for future.
Limited Memory: AI that can store knowledge and use it to learn and train for future
tasks.
Theory of Mind: AI that can sense and respond to human emotions, plus perform the
tasks of limited memory machines.
Self-aware: AI that can recognize others’ emotions, plus has sense of self and human-
level intelligence; the final stage of AI.
 ARTIFICIAL NARROW INTELLIGENCE

 Artificial narrow intelligence (ANI), also known as narrow AI or weak AI, describes
AI tools designed to carry out very specific actions or commands. ANI
technologies are built to serve in one cognitive capability, and cannot
independently learn skills beyond its design.
For instance, natural language processing AI is a type of narrow intelligence
because it can recognize and respond to voice commands, but cannot perform
other tasks beyond that.

Some examples of artificial narrow intelligence include image recognition

software, self-driving cars and AI virtual assistants like Siri.
 ARTIFICIAL GENERAL INTELLIGENCE

• Artificial general intelligence (AGI), also called general AI or

strong AI, describes AI that can learn, think and perform a
wide range of actions similarly to humans. The goal of
designing artificial general intelligence is to be able to
create machines that are capable of performing
multifunctional tasks and act as lifelike
 ARTIFICIAL SUPERINTELLIGENCE

• Artificial superintelligence (ASI), or super AI, is the stuff of science

fiction. It’s theorized that once AI has reached the general
intelligence level, it will soon learn at such a fast rate that its
knowledge and capabilities will become stronger than that even of
humankind.
• REACTIVE MACHINES

The genesis of AI began with the development of reactive machines,

the most fundamental type of AI. Reactive machines are just that —
reactionary
 LIMITED MEMORY
• The next step in AI’s evolution is developing a capacity for storing knowledge. But
it would be nearly three decades before that breakthrough was reached,
according to Rafael Tena, senior AI researcher
• Machine Learning AI
This AI learns from data and improves over time without explicit programming.
• Examples:
• Image Recognition (e.g., facial recognition): AI systems trained on large datasets
can accurately recognize faces in images or videos.
• Natural Language Processing (e.g., chatbots): Chatbots use machine learning to
understand and respond to human language in a conversational manner.
 EXPERT SYSTEMS

• Definition: These AI systems are designed to replicate the decision-

making abilities of a human expert in a specific domain.
• Examples:
• Medical Diagnosis Systems: Expert systems in healthcare can aid in
diagnosing diseases based on symptoms and patient data.
• Financial Decision Support Systems: These systems offer financial
advice and make decisions based on predefined rules and financial
principles.
 MACHINE LEARNING

• Machine learning is a subset of AI that allows machines to learn from

data without explicit programming.
• Machine learning enables machines to learn patterns from data to
make decisions or predictions.
• Supervised learning (labeled data), unsupervised learning (unlabeled
data), and reinforcement learning (reward-based learning) are key
paradigms.
 MACHINE LEARNING TYPES

There basically 3 types of machine learning

 Supervised: Used in prediction and classification (e.g.,
spam filters, stock price prediction).
 Unsupervised: Clustering and association (e.g., customer
segmentation, recommendation systems).
 Reinforcement: Learning from actions and rewards (e.g.,
game-playing algorithms, robotics).
DEEP LEARNING &NEURAL NETWORKS

Deep learning is the branch of

machine learning which is
based on artificial neural
network
architecture. An artificial
neural network or
ANN uses layers of interconnect
ed nodes called neurons that
work together to process and learn
from the input data.
DEEPLEARNING & NEURALNETWORKS

 Deep learning employs neural networks with

multiple layers to mimic human brain functioning.

 Its applications include image and speech

recognition, natural language processing, and
autonomous systems.
 AI IN HEALTHCARE

 AI is revolutionizing healthcare,

aiding in medical imaging

analysis, predictive analytics, and

personalized medicine.

 Improving diagnostics,

treatment planning, and patient

care through data-driven insights.

AI IN BUSINESS
 Industries are leveraging AI
for automation, customer
service, and decision-making.

Finance (fraud detection,

algorithmic trading), retail
(personalized marketing),
manufacturing (predictive
maintenance) are notable
areas.
 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN AI

 Ethical concerns include biases in AI algorithms,

data privacy, and potential job displacement.
Strategies involve transparent AI design, data
privacy regulations, and upskilling the workforce.
AI IN FUTURE

 Emerging trends encompass Click icon to add pic

explainable AI, creative AI, and

AI at the edge (IoT devices).

 The future might witness AI

innovation in diverse sectors

like healthcare, finance, and

entertainment.
 CASE STUDIES

 OpenAI ChatGPT, a revolutionary chatbot.

Microsoft Cortana, a smart assistant.
Amazon Alexa, a virtual assistant.
Google Brain, a deep learning project.
Manufacturing robots.
Self-driving cars.
Healthcare management.
 CHALLENGES IN AI:

 Ethical Concerns:
 Bias and Fairness: AI systems can inherit biases from training data, leading to
discriminatory outcomes.
 Privacy and Security: Handling sensitive data raises concerns about privacy and
security breaches.
Interpretability and Explainability:
AI decisions often lack transparency, making it difficult to understand the reasoning
behind their conclusions or actions, hindering trust and acceptance.
Job Displacement and Workforce Skills:
 CHALLENGES IN AI:

Automation may lead to job displacement, requiring reskilling and upskilling

of the workforce to adapt to new job demands.
Regulatory and Legal Frameworks:
The rapid evolution of AI technology requires robust regulatory frameworks
to address issues related to liability, accountability, and safety.
Data Quality and Quantity:
AI systems heavily rely on vast amounts of quality data, posing challenges
in acquiring, managing, and maintaining relevant datasets.
 OPPORTUNITIES IN AI:
• Innovation and Advancements:

AI drives innovation across various industries, introducing novel solutions

and efficiencies that were previously unattainable.
• Improving Healthcare and Life Sciences:
• AI aids in disease diagnosis, treatment, drug discovery, and personalized
medicine, leading to better healthcare outcomes.
• Enhanced Decision-Making and Predictive Capabilities:
• AI offers predictive analytics, aiding in better decision-making and
planning in various fields, such as finance, logistics, and marketing.
 OPPORTUNITIES IN AI:

 Automation of Routine Tasks:

1.Mundane and repetitive tasks can be automated, freeing up human
resources for more creative and complex tasks.
 Empowering Technological Advancements:
1.AI supports the development of other emerging technologies, such
as robotics, IoT, and autonomous systems, creating new possibilities
and applications.