C & C++ PROGRAMING

AN INTRODUCTION TO TWO POWERFUL LANGUAGES

Amit Kumar (CSE- IOT)

2101321550012

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Introduction
Brief overview of C and
C++

C is a foundational procedural programming language

developed in the early 1970s, known for its efficiency
and low-level memory access, making it ideal for
system and embedded programming. C++, an
extension of C created in the 1980s, introduces
object-oriented programming features such as classes
and inheritance, allowing for better code organization
and reuse. Both languages are powerful and widely
used, with C focusing on performance and control,
while C++ offers abstraction and support for complex
software development.

S L I D E 02
Importance in software
development

C and C++ play crucial roles in software development due

to their performance, efficiency, and versatility. C is often
used for system-level programming, such as operating
systems and embedded systems, where direct hardware
manipulation and resource management are essential. C+
+, with its object-oriented features, is favored for large-
scale applications, game development, and high-
performance software, allowing for better organization and
code reuse. Their widespread use in critical applications—
like aerospace, automotive, and telecommunications—
highlights their importance in building reliable and efficient
software systems.

S L I D E 03
 S L I D E 04

Key Features of C

• PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE: C FOLLOWS A STRUCTURED APPROACH, EMPHASIZING FUNCTIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR
CODE ORGANIZATION AND REUSE.
• LOW-LEVEL ACCESS: C PROVIDES DIRECT MANIPULATION OF HARDWARE AND MEMORY THROUGH POINTERS, ALLOWING
FOR EFFICIENT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT.
• PORTABILITY: CODE WRITTEN IN C CAN BE COMPILED AND RUN ON VARIOUS PLATFORMS WITH MINIMAL CHANGES,
PROMOTING CROSS-PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY.
• RICH STANDARD LIBRARY: C INCLUDES A COMPREHENSIVE SET OF LIBRARIES THAT FACILITATE VARIOUS TASKS, FROM
INPUT/OUTPUT TO STRING MANIPULATION AND MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS.
• EFFICIENCY AND PERFORMANCE: C IS DESIGNED FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE, MAKING IT SUITABLE FOR SYSTEM
PROGRAMMING AND APPLICATIONS THAT REQUIRE SPEED AND RESOURCE OPTIMIZATION.

C PROGRAMMING

C programming is a powerful,
efficient language that provides
low-level access to memory and
system resources, making it ideal
for system and embedded
programming.
 S L I D E 05

Key Features of C +
+
• OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING (OOP): SUPPORTS ENCAPSULATION, INHERITANCE, AND POLYMORPHISM FOR
BETTER CODE ORGANIZATION AND REUSE.
• Standard Template Library (STL): Provides a rich set of generic classes and functions for data structures and
algorithms.
• Multi-Paradigm Language: Supports procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming, allowing flexibility in
design.
• Operator Overloading: Enables custom definitions for operators, enhancing code readability and usability.
• Memory Management Features: Off ers dynamic memory allocation and deallocation through constructors,
destructors, and smart pointers for safer memory handling.

C++
PROGRAMMING
C++ programming is a versatile
language that combines the
efficiency of C with powerful
object-oriented features, making it
ideal for complex software
development and system-level
applications.
Syntax Comparison

S L I D E 06
 Data Types and
Variables

07 S L I D E
Control Structures

S L I D E 08
STUDIO SHODWE

Functions

C C++
• F UFunctions
Definition: N C T Iare
ON S using
defined FUNCTIONS
• Definition: Similar syntax to C:
the syntax: return_type return_type
function_name(parameters) { /* body */ function_name(parameters) { /* body */
}. }.
• Declaration: Function prototypes can • Overloading: C++ supports function
be declared before the main function overloading, allowing multiple
for type checking. functions with the same name but
• No Overloading: C does not support different parameter types or counts.
function overloading; each function • Default Arguments: Functions can have
name must be unique. default parameter values, providing
• Pointers: Functions can use pointers flexibility in function calls.
for passing arguments by reference, • Inline Functions: C++ supports inline
allowing modification of the original functions, which can reduce function
variable. call overhead for small, frequently
called functions.
• Member Functions: C++ allows
functions to be defined as part of S L I D E 09
classes, known as member functions,
STUDIO SHODWE

Standard Libraries

C S TA N D A R D L I B R A RY C + + S TA N D A R D L I B R A RY
• Header Files: Common headers include:
• Header Files: Common headers include: • <iostream>: Input and output stream
• <stdio.h>: Input and output functions objects (e.g., std::cout, std::cin).
(e.g., printf, scanf). • <vector>: Dynamic array (vector)
• <stdlib.h>: Memory allocation, process implementation.
control (e.g., malloc, free, exit). • <string>: String class with rich
• <string.h>: String handling functions functionality.
(e.g., strlen, strcpy). • <algorithm>: Functions for sorting,
• <math.h>: Mathematical functions searching, and other algorithms (e.g.,
(e.g., sqrt, sin). std::sort).
• <time.h>: Time and date functions • <map>: Associative containers (e.g.,
(e.g., time, difftime). key-value pairs).
• Functionality: Provides essential • Functionality: Enhances C's capabilities
functions for handling I/O, memory with features like templates, containers
management, string manipulation, (e.g., vectors, lists, maps), iterators,
mathematical computations, and time and algorithms, supporting object-
operations. oriented programming and generic S L I D E 10
programming.
STUDIO SHODWE

Common Applications

A P P L I C AT I O N S O F C A P P L I C AT I O N S O F C + +
• System Programming: Used for • Software Development: Widely used for
developing operating systems desktop applications, especially in
(e.g., Linux, Windows). graphics and user interfaces.
• Embedded Systems: Ideal for • Game Development: Popular for game
programming microcontrollers and development, particularly for high-
embedded devices due to its low- performance games (e.g., Unreal
level access. Engine).
• Real-Time Systems: Utilized in
• Game Development: Often used for
applications requiring real-time
game engines where performance
processing, like simulations and
is critical. robotics.
• Compilers and Interpreters: Many • Database Software: Common in
language compilers and developing database management
interpreters are written in C. systems (e.g., MySQL).
• Networking Software: • Financial Systems: Used in high-
Implementing protocols and frequency trading and banking
network applications due to its applications due to its performance. S L I D E 11

efficiency.
 Conclusion
FOUNDATIONAL LANGUAGES WIDE APPLICATION SCOPE

PERFORMANCE AND CONTINUED RELEVANCE

EFFICIENCY

RICH FEATURES

S L I D E 12
STUDIO SHODWE

A N
Thank You
I N T R O D U C T I O N T O T W O P O W E R F U L
L A N G U A G E S

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