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RM errors

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Kavya Sowmian
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23 views

RM errors

Uploaded by

Kavya Sowmian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Research

Methodology
and IPR

Errors in selecting
research problems
TOPICS

• Introduction to research errors


• Steps to reduce research errors
• Conclusion
Introduction to research errors
1. QUANTITATIVE ERRORS:

Refers to inaccuracies or mistakes that occur during the process of collecting, analyzing, or interpreting numerical
data in quantitative research. These errors can affect the reliability and validity of the results. There are a few common
types of quantitative errors. The are:

• Measurement error
• Sampling error
• Statistical error
• Random error
• System error
2.QUALITATIVE ERRORS:
Refers to mistakes or biases that occur during the collection, interpretation, or analysis of non-numerical data in
qualitative research. Since qualitative research is often more subjective, these errors can significantly affect the
credibility and trustworthiness of the findings. Common types of qualitative errors include:
• Researcher bias
• Selection bias
• Interpretation error
• Data collection error
• Confirmation bias
• Overgeneralization
QUANTITATIVE ERRORS:

1. Measurement Error: This happens when there is a difference between the actual value and the measured value. It
can occur due to faulty instruments, human error, or misinterpretation of data.
2. Sampling Error: This occurs when the sample used in the research does not adequate, leading to biased or
inaccurate results.
3. Statistical Error: These errors occur in the process of data analysis, such as using inappropriate statistical
techniques, misinterpreting statistical significance, or incorrect calculations.
4. Random Error: These are unpredictable variations that can affect measurements. While random errors cannot be
completely eliminated, they can be minimized by increasing the sample size.
5. Systematic Error: These are consistent, repeatable errors caused by a flaw in the measurement system. Unlike
random errors, they can often be identified and corrected.
Reducing these errors is essential to ensure the accuracy and credibility of research findings.
QUALITATIVE ERROR

1. Researcher Bias: This occurs when a researcher’s personal beliefs, expectations, or perspectives
influence the way data is collected or interpreted. It can skew results and lead to partial or inaccurate
conclusions.
2. Selection Bias: This happens when the participants or cases selected for the study are not
representative of the wider context or population, resulting in biased or incomplete data.
3. Interpretation Error: In qualitative research, data is often open to interpretation, which can lead to
errors if the researcher misinterprets what participants mean or takes statements out of context.
4. Data Collection Error: This can occur if the methods used to collect data (such as interviews or
observations) are flawed or poorly executed, leading to incomplete or inaccurate information.
5. Confirmation Bias: This type of error happens when a researcher selectively focuses on data that
supports their preconceived ideas or hypotheses, ignoring data that contradicts them.
6. Overgeneralization: This error occurs
when the researcher makes broad
conclusions from limited or specific
qualitative data that cannot be applied to a
larger population or different contexts.
Minimizing qualitative errors requires
careful attention to bias, rigorous data
collection methods, and ensuring the
validity of interpretations.
RECTIFYING ERRORS IN
SELECTING RESEARCH
PROBLEMS

• Relying on updated sources: Using outdated research


papers can result in missing recent advancements or
shifts in knowledge. Focus on papers published within
the last 5–10 years to ensure you’re building on
current research. Use search filters to limit the
publication dates.
• Choosing Relevant Papers: Selecting papers that
don’t directly relate to your research topic can waste
time and lead to a weak theoretical foundations . Use
clear, specific keywords when searching, and
thoroughly read abstracts to ensure relevance before
including a paper.
• Looking into reliable sources: Selecting papers from low-impact or questionable journals may result in weak
or unreliable evidence.. Prioritize papers from reputable, peer-reviewed journals with high impact factors or
strong reputations in the field.
• Evaluating Methodological Rigor: Failing to assess the research methods in papers can lead to basing your
study on flawed research. Critically evaluate the methodology used in each paper, focusing on sample size, data
collection techniques, and analysis methods.

• Skeptical inquiry: Selecting papers that only support your preconceived ideas while ignoring conflicting
evidence can lead to biased research. Solution: Actively seek out papers that present differing or conflicting
viewpoints to develop a balanced understanding.

• Including Grey Literature: Focusing only on published papers can result in missing valuable information found
in grey literature (e.g., reports, theses, or government documents). Include grey literature as part of your
research to gain additional perspectives, especially when there is limited peer-reviewed research.
CONCLUSION:

In summary, selecting the right research problem is essential for meaningful research. Errors like
unclear goals, insufficient literature review, or choosing unfeasible problems can hinder progress. To avoid
these, researchers should clarify objectives, review literature, ensure feasibility, refine the problem, and
seek expert guidance for a focused and impactful study.

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