CSS
CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
WHAT IS CSS?
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
CSS describes how HTML elements
are to be displayed on screen,
paper, or in other media
CSS saves a lot of work. It can control
the layout of multiple web pages all at
once
External stylesheets are stored in CSS
files
ADVANTAGES OF CSS
CSS saves time − You can write CSS once and then reuse same sheet in
multiple HTML pages. You can define a style for each HTML element and apply it
to as many Web pages as you want.
Pages load faster − If you are using CSS, you do not need to write HTML tag
attributes every time. Just write one CSS rule of a tag and apply it to all the
occurrences of that tag. So less code means faster download times.
Easy maintenance − To make a global change, simply change the style, and
all elements in all the web pages will be updated automatically.
Superior styles to HTML − CSS has a much wider array of attributes than
HTML, so you can give a far better look to your HTML page in comparison to
HTML attributes.
Multiple Device Compatibility − Style sheets allow content to be
optimized for more than one type of device. By using the same HTML
document, different versions of a website can be presented for handheld
devices such as PDAs and cell phones or for printing.
Global web standards − Now HTML attributes are being deprecated and
it is being recommended to use CSS. So its a good idea to start using CSS in
all the HTML pages to make them compatible to future browsers.
Offline Browsing − CSS can store web applications locally with the help
of an offline catche.Using of this, we can view offline websites.The cache
also ensures faster loading and better overall performance of the website.
Platform Independence − The Script offer consistent platform
independence and can support latest browsers as well.
CSS VERSIONS
Cascading Style Sheets, level 1 (CSS1) was came out of W3C as a
recommendation in December 1996. This version describes the CSS
language as well as a simple visual formatting model for all the HTML tags.
CSS2 was became a W3C recommendation in May 1998 and builds on
CSS1. This version adds support for media-specific style sheets e.g. printers
and aural devices, downloadable fonts, element positioning and tables.
CSS3 was became a W3C recommendation in June 1999 and builds on older
versions CSS. it has divided into documentations is called as Modules and
here each module having new extension features defined in CSS2.
CSS SYNTAX
Selector − A selector is an HTML tag at which a style will be applied.
This could be any tag like <h1> or <table> etc.
Property - A property is a type of attribute of HTML tag. Put simply, all
the HTML attributes are converted into CSS properties. They could
be color, border etc.
Value - Values are assigned to properties. For example, color property
can have value either red or #F1F1F1 etc.
CSS - INCLUSION
External Style Sheet
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css">
</head>
Internal Style Sheet
<head>
<style>
body {
background-color: linen;
}
h1 {
color: maroon;
margin-left: 40px;
}
</style>
</head>
Inline style
<h1 style="color:blue;margin-left:30px;">This is a heading</h1>
CSS COLORS
HTML supports 140 standard color names.
Background
Color
You can set the background color for HTML elements:
<h1 style="background-color:DodgerBlue;">Hello World</h1>
<p style="background-color:Tomato;">Lorem ipsum...</p>
You can specify your color values in various formats. Following table lists all the possible
formats
Format Syntax Example
Hex Code #RRGGBB p{color:#FF0000;}
Short Hex Code #RGB p{color:#6A7;}
RGB % rgb(rrr%,ggg%,bbb%) p{color:rgb(50%,50%,50%);}
RGB Absolute rgb(rrr,ggg,bbb) p{color:rgb(0,0,255);}
keyword aqua, black, etc. p{color:teal;}
