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Lecture 1 Introduction

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39 views26 pages

Lecture 1 Introduction

Uploaded by

Semester Coordinators Mining Engineering
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Engr.

Syed Nasir Abbas


MSc Structural Engineering

UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA
20 30 50

sessional Mid term Final term


Materials Testing Repair And Maintenance
• Objective:
1. To know about the failure of building structures and their
measures
2. To understand the rules and regulations of maintenance.

• Basically the subject is divided into two major parts First part
is different type of testing (destructive and non-destructive)
and 2nd part consist of remedial measure of different defects
present in the structure and there possible solution (repair).
Materials Testing Repair And Maintenance
• Material Testing: Destructive and Non-destructive test,
Mechanical properties, Method of testing of Fatigue test,
impact and hardness test, tensile test and mild steel specimen.

• Repair and Maintenance of Civil Works: Introduction to


different types of failures in building structures and their
causes, Assessment of damage by different methods
including non- destructive methods, Introduction to Rules
and Regulations of Maintenance, Repair and Maintenance
Measures.
Non-destructive test
• Non- destructive test.
The use of noninvasive techniques to determine the integrity of
a material, component or structure
or
quantitatively measure some characteristic of an object.
i.e. Inspect or measure without doing harm.
Introduction:
• For inspecting the defects on surface.

• Wide group of analysis techniques used in science &


industry.

• Saves both the time &money.

• Use of this N.D.T in specialist high risk areas such as


nuclear & sea shore structures , gas & oil pipelines.
Why we are using N.D.T?

• It’s an assessment without doing harm,


destroying the test.

• Plays crucial role in ensuring cost


effective operation, safety and reliability
of plant.

• Cost saving technique in quality


assurance process.
N.D.T METHODS
• Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
• Ultrasonic pulse velocity method
• Rebound hammer test
• Radiographic Testing (RT)
• Liquid penetrate Testing
• Magnetic particle Testing
• Electromagnetic Testing (ET)
N.D.T TESTS

• Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity test.

• Rebound Hammer test.


ULTRA SONIC PULSE
VELOCITY TEST
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test
It measures the time of travel of an ultrasonic pulse
passing through the concrete.
The apparatus for ultrasonic pulse velocity
measurement consists of the following:
(a) Electrical pulse generator
(b) Transducer – one pair
(c) Amplifier
(d) Electronic timing device
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Meter
How it works?

• In ultrasonic testing, an
ultrasound transducer connected to a
diagnostic machine is passed over the
object being inspected.
• There are two methods of receiving the
ultrasound waveform, reflection and
attenuation.
Reflection mode:
• The transducer performs both the sending and the receiving of
the pulsed waves as the "sound" is reflected back to the device.

Attenuation mode:
• In attenuation mode, a transmitter sends ultrasound through one
surface, and a separate receiver detects the amount that has
reached it on another surface after traveling through the medium.
Applications & Limitations
• The pulse velocity method is an ideal tool for establishing
whether concrete is uniform.
• Applied to both existing structures and those under
construction.

• High pulse velocity readings are generally indicative of good


quality concrete.
INTERPRETATION
• To determine the quality & homogeneity of the concrete
structures.
• To determine the existence of the flaws ,cracks & voids in
concrete structures.
Table: Velocity Criterion for concrete Quality Grading
Advantages: Disadvantages:
High penetrating power. Manual operation requires
High sensitivity. careful attention by
Greater accuracy experienced technicians
Difficulty in inspecting
Some capability in
the parts which are
estimating the size , irregular.
shape , nature of the flaws.
Test objects should be
portability
water resistant.
REBOUND HAMMER TEST
• This is a simple, handy
tool, which can be used to
provide a convenient and
rapid indication of the
compressive strength of
concrete.
REBOUND HAMMER TEST
The schematic diagram showing various parts of a rebound hammer were
1.Concrete surface
2.Impact spring
3.Rider on guide rod
4.Window and scale
5.Hammer guide
6. Release catch
7.Compressive spring
8.Locking button
9.Housing
10.Hammer mass
Principle
•The elastic mass depends on the hardness of the surface.

•It is related to the compressive strength of the concrete.

•The rebound value is designated as the rebound number or rebound index.

•The results are significantly affected by :


 Mix characteristics.

 Angle of inclination of direction of hammer.

 Member characteristics.
cube compressive strength is N/sq.mm plotted
against
rebound number
Procedure
• Should be tested against the test anvil.
• Apply light pressure on the plunger and allow it to extend to
the ready position for the test.
• Apply a gradual increase in pressure until the hammer
impacts.
• Take the average of about 15 readings.
REBOUND HAMMER TEST
Advantages:
•Assessing the likely compressive strength
of concrete .

•Assessing the quality of concrete in


relation to standard requirements.
Interpretation of Results:
The rebound reading on the indicator scale has been
calibrated by the manufacturer of the rebound hammer for
horizontal impact.
Average Rebound Number Quality of Concrete

>40 Very good hard layer

30 to 40 Good layer

20 to 30 Fair

< 20 Poor concrete

0 Delaminated
concl
usion
for better
maintenance of
existing concrete
structures, there are
still more tests have

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