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CIS340 - Lecture 15-41

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15 views15 pages

CIS340 - Lecture 15-41

Uploaded by

gigesa39
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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‫‪1‬‬

‫‪Functional Dependencies‬‬
‫‪and Normalization for‬‬
‫‪Relational Databases‬‬

‫تنبيه ‪ :‬شرائح العرض (‪ )Slides‬هي وسيلة لتوضيح الدرس واداة من‬


‫االدوات في ذلك‪.‬‬

‫حيث المرجع االساسي للمادة هي الكتاب المعتمد في وصف‬


‫المقرر‬
Second Normal Form 2NF
2

 A relation schema R is in second normal form (2NF) if


every non-prime attribute A in R is fully functionally
dependent on the primary key

 The above definitions consider the primary key only

 The following more general definitions take into


account relations with multiple candidate keys

 A relation schema R is in second normal form


(2NF) if every non-prime attribute A in R is fully
functionally dependent on every key of R

Chapter 10-2
Example
3

R1(ID, Name, Type Age,


1NF Owner)
R2(ID, Visit Date, PNO, PName)

R1(ID, Name, Type


Age, Owner)
2NF R2A(ID, VisitDate, PNO )
R2B(PNO,
PName )
R1(ID, Name, Type Age,
Owner)
R2A(ID, VisitDate,
3NF PNO )
R2B(PNO,
PName )
Third Normal Form 3NF
4

 A relation schema R is in third normal form (3NF)


if
 It is in 2NF and
 No non-prime attribute A in R is transitively dependent on
the primary key

 A relation schema R is in third normal form (3NF) if


whenever a FD X → A holds in R, then either:
(a) X is a superkey of R, or
(b) A is a prime attribute of R
 Superkey of relation schema R a set of attributes S of R that contains a key of R

Chapter 10-4
Example
5

2NF
Example
6

2NF

3NF
Example
7

PET ID PET NAME PET TYPE PET AGE OWNER VISIT DATE PROCEDURE
246 ROVER DOG 12 SAM COOK JAN 13/2002 01 - RABIES VACCINATION
MAR 27/2002 10 - EXAMINE and TREAT WOUND
APR 02/2002 05 - HEART WORM TEST

298 SPOT DOG 2 TERRY KIM JAN 21/2002 08 - TETANUS VACCINATION


MAR 10/2002 05 - HEART WORM TEST

341 MORRIS CAT 4 SAM COOK JAN 23/2001 01 - RABIES VACCINATION


JAN 13/2002 01 - RABIES VACCINATION

519 TWEEDY BIRD 2 TERRY KIM APR 30/2002 20 - ANNUAL CHECK UP


APR 30/2002 12 - EYE WASH
Example
8

 Un-Normalized Form

R(ID, Name, Type, Age, Owner, {Visit( VDate,


PNO, PNAME)})
R
V
ID Name Type Age Owner
VDate PNO PName
2NF Example
9

 Consider the relation schema LOTS which describes


parcels of land for sale in various country

 Suppose that there is two candidate keys PROPERTY_ID#


, {COUNTY_NAME, LOT#}, we choose PROPERTY_ID# as
a primary key, so FD1, FD2 are hold
2NF Example
10

 Suppose that the following two additional FDs


hold in LOTS
FD3: COUNTY_NAME → TAX_RATE
FD4: AREA → PRICE

 The FD3 violate 2NF because TAX_RATE is


partially dependent on the candidate key
{COUNTY_NAME, LOT# }
 The FD4 doe not violate the 2NF
2NF Example
11

 To Normalize LOTS into 2NF, we decompose it


into two relations LOTS1, LOTS2
 by removing the attribute TAX_RATE that violates
2NF and placing it into another relation LOTS2
3NF Example
12

 According to 3NF definition, LOTS2 is in


3NF

 However, FD4 in LOTS1 violates 3NF because


AREA is not a superkey and PRICE is not a
prime attribute in LOTS1
3NF Example
13

 To normalize LOTS1 into 3NF, we


decompose it into the relation schemas
LOTS1A and LOTS1B
 We construct LOTS1A by removing the
attribute price that violate 3NF
Is this table in 2NF
14
Is this table in 2NF
15

 Current Work Location, is dependent on


only part of the candidate key, namely
Employee. Therefore the table is not in
2NF
2NF

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