Object interaction

Creating cooperating objects

3.0
 A digital clock

Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 2
 Abstraction and
modularization
• Abstraction is the ability to
ignore details of parts to focus
attention on a higher level of a
problem.
• Modularization is the process of
dividing a whole into well-defined
parts, which can be built and
examined separately, and which
interact in well-defined ways.
Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 3
 Modularizing the clock
display

One four-digit display?

Or two two-digit
displays?

Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 4
 Implementation -
NumberDisplay

public class NumberDisplay

{
private int limit;
private int value;

Constructor and
methods omitted.
}

Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 5
 Implementation -
ClockDisplay

public class ClockDisplay

{
private NumberDisplay hours;
private NumberDisplay minutes;

Constructor and
methods omitted.
}

Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 6
 Object diagram

Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 7
 Class diagram

Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 8
Primitive types vs. object
types

SomeObject obj; object type

int i;
32 primitive type

Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 9
 Primitive types vs. object
types
ObjectType a; ObjectType b;

b = a;
int a; int b;
32 32
Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 10
 Source code:
NumberDisplay
public NumberDisplay(int rollOverLimit)
{
limit = rollOverLimit;
value = 0;
}

public void increment()

{
value = (value + 1) % limit;
}

Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 11
 Source code:
NumberDisplay
public String getDisplayValue()
{
if(value < 10) {
return "0" + value;
}
else {
return "" + value;
}
}

Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 12
 Objects creating objects
public class ClockDisplay
{
private NumberDisplay hours;
private NumberDisplay minutes;
private String displayString;

public ClockDisplay()
{
hours = new NumberDisplay(24);
minutes = new NumberDisplay(60);
updateDisplay();
}
}
Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 13
 Method calling

public void timeTick()

{
minutes.increment();
if(minutes.getValue() == 0) {
// it just rolled over!
hours.increment();
}
updateDisplay();
}

Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 14
 Internal method

/**
* Update the internal string that
* represents the display.
*/
private void updateDisplay()
{
displayString =
hours.getDisplayValue() + ":" +
minutes.getDisplayValue();
}

Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 15
 ClockDisplay object
diagram

Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 16
 Objects creating objects

in class NumberDisplay:
public NumberDisplay(int rollOverLimit);

formal parameter

in class ClockDisplay:
hours = new NumberDisplay(24);

actual parameter
Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 17
 Method calls
• internal method calls
updateDisplay();
...
private void updateDisplay()

• external method calls

minutes.increment();

Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 18
 Method calls (2)

object . methodName ( parameter-list

)

Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 19
 Concepts
• abstraction • primitive types
• modularization • object types
• classes define • object creation
types • overloading
• class diagram • internal/external
• object diagram method call
• object references • debugger

Objects First with Java - A Practical Introduction using BlueJ, © David J. Barnes, Michael Kölling 20