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12A Types of LTM

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28 views19 pages

12A Types of LTM

Uploaded by

18aruqayyah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Memory- Types of LTM

Do Now: Quiz on Seneca

Learning Objective: To gain an


understanding of the different
types of LTM.

Link to Specification: Types of


long-term memory: episodic,
semantic, procedural.

Key Words: Procedural,


Semantic and Episodic. (Add
these to your key word glossaries)
Success Criteria
• Identify and Describe the Different
types of LTM (A01)
• Provide examples for each of the LTM
Stores (A02)
• Evaluate the different types of LTM
(A03)
You Do- The Multi- Store
Model of Memory
• Draw out the Multi Store Model
(MSM) of Memory without your notes
• Identify as many limitations as you
can of the MSM.
Multi- Store Model of
Memory
I do- Types of LTM
As with STM, another criticism of MSM is that it
suggests that Long term memory (LTM) is a single
component. Tulving (1985) proposed that the LTM is
more complex and that there are three LTM stores,
each responsible for processing different information.
Types of LTM
Turn and Talk

What is your earliest memory?


How many people can you name from your class at
Primary School?
What did it feel like on your first day at school?
What was your favourite book when you were 11?
What is your favourite song?

Do these questions seem to have a ‘theme’? What is


it?
Types of LTM
Episodic Memory:

A long term memory store for personal events


(episodes).
•They are time stamped (we remember when they
happened)
•Include several elements (people and places, objects
and behaviours)
•Have to make a conscious effort to retrieve them
(memory can be vague to begin with)

EXAMPLES: First day of school, Favourite holiday,


Your Aunt’s wedding, What you ate for
breakfast… Can you think of anymore?
Types of LTM
Turn and Talk

What is the capital of France?


What is 7 X 7?
What is the chemical symbol for Oxygen?
When was the battle of Hastings?
What date is Halloween?
Who wrote Harry Potter?
What is the French for Dog?

Do these questions seem to have a ‘theme’? What is


it?
Types of LTM
Semantic Memory:

A long term memory store for knowledge of the world


(like a combination of a dictionary and an
encyclopaedia!)
•Memories are not time-stamped – we don’t remember
where we were when we learned them.
•Less personal
•Also need to be retrieved with conscious effort.

EXAMPLES: The meaning of words, What chocolate


tastes like, Your address, Where the Eiffel tower
is… Can you think of anymore?
Types of LTM
Turn and Talk

Can you ride a bike?


Will you be learning to drive this year?
Can you play an instrument?
If so what grade are you, if any?
Do you take part in any sport?
Are you better now than when you first started?
Can you touch your elbow with your tongue?

Do these questions seem to have a ‘theme’? What is


it?
Types of LTM
Procedural Memory:

A long term memory store for our knowledge of how to


do things.
•Memory of learned skills
•Skills we might find hard to explain to someone as
they have become a natural part of your behaviour.
•Recalled easily and without conscious effort.

EXAMPLES: How to ride a bike, How to play the


piano, How to make a cup of tea, How to tie your
shoes… Can you think of anymore?
Exam Application

Give one example of a semantic memory and one


example of an episodic memory. Briefly explain
one difference between these types of long-term
memory.(3 marks)
Exam Application- Self
Assessment
Give one example of a semantic memory and one
example of an episodic memory. Briefly explain
one difference between these types of long-term
memory.(3 marks)

An example of a semantic memory could be knowing


where the Eiffel Tower is located. An example of an
episodic memory could be remembering your most
recent holiday. One difference is that semantic
memories are not ‘time-stamped’ – we do not
remember where we were when we learnt the
information. Episodic memories on the other hand are
time stamped as we remember when they occurred.
Types of LTM
You do- How can Clive Wearing begin to demonstrate
that there may be more than one type of LTM?
HINT: What can he and can’t he remember from his
LTM?
Types of LTM
You do Task : Complete missing parts of the evaluation points.

What does the case study of Clive What are some of the
Wearing show? limitations with using case
studies?

Use your textbook on clasoos to support with this.


Types of LTM
TASK: Complete missing parts of the evaluation points.

What does this mean in terms of


How is this research useful?
reliability?

How and why is this a strength?


Types of LTM
Types of LTM
Stretch &
Challenge

Types of LTM
TASK: Make notes on the following studies. Consider how
these provide further support for different types of LTM.
Heindel et al (1988) investigated learning in people with
Huntingdon’s Disease, a progressive, degenerative disease of
the brain. They found that HD patients had no problems learning
new facts and knowledge, but had severe problems learning new
motor skills. This shows that procedural and semantic memories
are two separate systems.

De Renzi et al. (1987) described an Italian woman who, after an


episode of herpes encephalitis that affected the left temporal
lobe, showed a severe impairment of semantic memory but her
episodic memory was relatively undamaged. O'Connor et al.
(1992) reported a patient with right temporal lobe damage after
herpes encephalitis, who showed very severe impairment in the
recall of episodic memories but relatively undamaged semantic
memory.
These case studies support the fact that episodic , semantic and
procedural memories are distinct types of memory.

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