BASIC CONCEPTS IN BASE MAP
PREPARATION PROCESSES
DATA NEEDED FOR BASE MAP
PREPARATION
• The spatial and non spatial data are very important in
base map preparation
• Spatial data is basic & directly obtained from source
• non spatial data is data obtained or provided during
and/or after spatial data was processed.
• spatial data can be acquired through two main methods
By direct ground surveying
Orthophoto/satelite image digitizing
Basics of Data Collection in Surveying
• Surveying technology is
one of the older disciplines
in spatial data collection
and organization
• The technology has been
advancing with the
advancements in
computing and devices.
Basics of Data Collection in Surveying
• It served for years as the
best way of collecting
spatial data and has still
continued to play its role
• The good side of
surveying is the
precession of the data
collected, especially with
the introduction of total
stations.
Basics of Data Collection in Surveying
• The introduction of satellite
technology the differential Global
positioning system (DGPS) is also
introduced as part of the ground
surveying.
• This data collection technology
still plays a crucial role in
collecting spatial data deploying
instruments and staffs on the
ground
• As it provides sub centimeter and
decimeter accuracy-today).
Basics of Data Collection in Surveying
The type of projects that require this
technology include
Road design,
Building and block level
Topographic data and related.
For larger spatial areas like
Cities,
Small town, and
Neighborhoods
surveying technology might not be
the only alternative
Now a days it is possible to get high
resolution 2D and 3D data from
Aerial photos and
Satellite images.
Basics of Data Collection in Surveying
The common challenges often
mentioned of surveying is
the length of time required to
collect data and
cost incurred on that.
The quality of the data
collected also depends on
the skills of the surveyor,
accessibility of the area,
the project issues (especially is
the first BM is not established
using DGPS)
Basics of satellite image/Aerial Photo
interpretation
inability of cover large areas
like Basin
sometimes weather
conditions.
These are some of the
uncertainties that compromise
the integrity of this technology
although the outputs are
highly precise
if correct procedures are
followed before, during and
after data collection.
Basics of satellite image/Aerial Photo
interpretation
Satellite images can be • :
categorized based on
o the type of sensor as active and
passive;
o based on resolution (high,
moderate, and low);
o based on positioning as
geostationary or dynamic
o based on band sensitivity as
multi spectral or panchromatic;
o based on their mission as
weather, spying, land,
atmospheric, extra-terrestrial,
…etc.
Basics of satellite image/Aerial Photo
interpretation
• Resolution of Images
The term resolution is
used to denote or
describe the fineness or
quality of images.
There are four different
types of image resolution:
1. Spatial resolution
2. Spectral resolution:
3. Temporal resolution:
4. Radiometric resolution
Basics of satellite image/Aerial Photo
interpretation
1. Spatial resolution
denote the smallest
possible object/area a
sensor can detect which
is called the ground cell
resolution.
This can be considered
equivalent to the
Instantaneous Field of
View (IFOV) of the
detector.
Basics of satellite image/Aerial Photo
interpretation
In images with higher
spatial resolution
objects are recorded at
high levels of detail and
hence are easier to
recognize than in low
spatial resolution
images.
Basics of satellite image/Aerial Photo
interpretation
2. Spectral resolution
the number of spectral
bands within which images
are acquired and how
narrow each of these
spectral bands is for a given
sensor.
Generally the higher the
number of bands for a given
sensor the higher will be its
spectral resolution.
Basics of satellite image/Aerial Photo
interpretation
. 3. Temporal resolution
the frequency of obtaining
images from an area by a
given sensor.
Some sensors acquire data
from a given area more than
once a day while others can
only do so once every two
weeks or above.
The first types are said to
have high temporal
resolution.
Basics of satellite image/Aerial Photo
interpretation
4. Radiometric resolution
the data range or
quantization level
within which images are
encoded by a sensor
Basics of satellite image/Aerial Photo
interpretation
for example 7-bit encoding
means 128 quantization
level:
a range of 0- 127, 8-bit
mean 256 level of
quantization: 0-255, etc);
the higher the level of
quantization means the
higher the details captured
by the sensor and hence the
higher the radiometric
resolution
Basics of satellite image/Aerial Photo
interpretation
Sample Sensors and their profile
Basics of satellite image/Aerial Photo
interpretation
Sample Sensors and their profile
Data Capturing Mechanisms
Ground Surveying Ortho photo Digitization
1. Better in accuracy 1. Accuracy bargained
2. Time taking 2. relatively low cost
3. high cost 3. reasonable time is
4. Tiresome/Tedious required
5. recommended for 4. not as such tiresome
detail 5. may not Recommend
for detail work
Base map Preparation work
SN Man made Natural Remark
• Shows the existing
condition of the desired 1 Roads Gorge
area
2 Buildings hill
• man made and natural
features currently 3 Ditches Mountain
chain
existing on the ground
4 manholes River
should be included
5 Poles Marshy
area
Base map Preparation work
Representation of Features The most know symbols
all natural and man made that features can be
features should be represented are
represented by specific 1. Point features
symbols based on their 2. line features
characteristic features 3. polygon features
Base map Preparation work
Features
SN
Point Features Line features Polygon features
1 Trees Road Blocks
2 Poles Stream Buildings
3 Manhole Utility lines Tukul
4 Water point Foot Path Marshy Areas
5 GCP/BM High-tension Line
Ways of Data capturing
Digitizing from Satellite image/Orthophoto
digitizing surveyed points
Mix of the two
Ways of Data capturing
• Preparing the plat form
for data capturing File Geo database
Feature Data set
Feature Class
Basics of Geodatabase
File Geo database basics
File Geo database basics
File Geo database basics
File Geo database basics
File Geo database basics
File Geo database basics
File Geo database basics
File Geo database basics
Approaches to Geo database Design
Approaches to Geo database Design
Approaches to Geo database Design
Approaches to Geo database Design
Maps
Types of map Area specific City wide Country wide
Its datelines Very detail Detail Lesser detail
Map Preparation & Symbolizing
• Map Preparation • map contains one or more layers of
geographic data, contained in data
• Is Map production frames, and
process in Arc Map • various supporting map elements,
such as
• Entail how the various scale bar,
map elements are legend,
inserted in ArcMap North Arrow,
layout. Title,
• A map is a graphic Neat line,
Gird, and
representation of the Coordinate information,
spatial relationships of Disclaimer etc.
entities within an area • Simple maps usually have only a
single data frame.
Map Preparation & Symbolizing
• Display Data in ArcMap and Save
1. Open ArcMap
2. Navigate/
3. Add-
4. Desktop
5. Aminch ketema
6. AMU- Technology_f
7. Newfolder
8. Zuriya Woreda
9. Kebele boundry
10. Rural_Urban Kebeles
11. Add
Map Preparation & Symbolizing
• Now you displayed your data on
ArcMap:
1. file
2. save as
3. select desktop
4. Arbaminch ketema
5. AMU
6. Technology_f
7. Newfolder
8. Zuriya Woreda
9. Kebele Boundry
10. add name as Maplayout
11. save
Map Preparation & Symbolizing
• Before you prepare the
map layout,
• you may need to
classify,
• symbolize and
• label the displayed data
which are covered in
different sections.
Map Preparation & Symbolizing
Switching to Layout View
• View menu > Layout View
• While viewing the layout,
a Layout toolbar appears.
• These tools can be used
to navigate around the
map layout
Map Preparation & Symbolizing
Setting the Page Size and • Click the Printer Paper
Printer Size dropdown arrow
• File and select the paper size
you want to use
• page and print setup
• Under map page size
• under printer set up
category - Check the Use
category select the Printer Paper Settings.
printer you want to use
• Click the orientation type
for the name option.
that you require under
Printer Setup Paper
Map Preparation & Symbolizing
• Check both printer
margins on layout and
scale map elements
proportionally to
changes in page size.
• Click OK.
Map Preparation & Symbolizing
• Inserting a North Arrow
1. Click the Insert menu and
click North Arrow.
2. he North Arrow Selector
dialog box appears.
3. Click one of the North
arrows and click OK.
4. 4. Click the North arrow
and drag it to the empty
space
5. resize if necessary
Map Preparation & Symbolizing
• Adding a Scale Bar
1. Click the Insert menu and
click Scale bar.
2. The Scale bar Selector
dialog box appears.
3. Click one of the Scale bar
and click OK.
4. Click the Scale bar and
drag it to the empty
space Miles
0 3,250
6,500 13,000 19,500 26,000
5. resize if necessary
Map Preparation & Symbolizing
Adding a Legend 5. Click Next several times to step
1. Click the Insert menu and click through the wizard, accepting
Legend. The Legend Wizard the Default or change the
appears legend parameters that you
2. In the displayed window, you want.
can select items to be 6. . Click Finish when done.
included in your legend. 7. The legend appears on your
3. Select an item from the left map.
and click 8. Click the legend and drag it to
4. to add it to your legend. the appropriate place.
Select an item from the right 9. Resize to appropriate size
and click to remove it from 10. Double-click on the legend to
your legend. edit it and you can change the
elements as your requirement
Map Preparation & Symbolizing
Adding a Title
1. Click the Insert menu
and click Title.
2. Click the title and type ‘ARBAMINCH ZURIYA KEBELE MAP’
the name for instance
as ‘ARBAMINCH
ZURIYA KEBELE MAP’
3. Resize as necessary
Map Preparation & Symbolizing
Inserting Grids
1. Click the View menu
and
2. click Data Frame
Properties.
3. Click the Grids tab
4. Click the New Grid
button
Map Preparation & Symbolizing
5. In the Grid/Graticule wizard,
click the Measured Grid
option.
6. Type a name for the
resulting grid.
7. This name will appear in the
list of grids in the Data
Frame Properties dialog box.
8. Follow the steps in the
wizard and click Next as you
complete each panel.
9. Click Finish.
Map Preparation & Symbolizing
To modify Grids and Saving a Map as a Map
Graticules follow the Template
following steps 1. Click the File menu and
1. View click Save As.
2. Data Frame Properties > 2. Navigate to your
3. Grids working directory and a
4. click on the Grid or file name
Graticule 3. Click the Save as type
5. Properties dropdown arrow and
6. Make your changes click ArcMap Template.
7. OK 4. Click Save.
Map Preparation & Symbolizing
• Finally You must obtain
the map
Map Preparation & Symbolizing
Practical Assignment
• It is to experience to ways • It was assumed that
of data capturing These buildings were
1. ground Survey not existed when the
2. image digitizing orthophoto of the area
• Out of buildings found in was prepared.
Arbaminch university main • Road network and
campus about 264
some buildings in the
buildings data was
compound were found
captured through ground
survey work. on the orthophoto.
Map Preparation & Symbolizing
• Assume that the ground • It is mandatory to use
survey was done and data all features
was already prepared in the 1. point feature
form of shape file format. 2. line feature and
• Now you are expected to 3. polygon feature
digitize the rest buildings, all
• Then prepare the map
road network, only some
trees, fences of the layout and with all basic
compound, poles, manholes, map elements and plot
and main highway infront of your final output to
the compound pdf. and jpeg format
Input Data
1. First Open Blank ArcMap
2. From the folder Kebele boundary
‘Arba_Minch_University_Surveyed_Buldings_Data
’ shpfile
3. From the folder Desktop_AMU_Techno
Orthtophoto
4. Then Create Geodatabase
THANK
YOU!
