LESSON 1: CLEAN, SANITIZE AND STORE

KITCHEN TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

 WORD TO STUDY
CLEANING - a process of removing
food and other types of soil from a
surface, such as a dish, glass, or
cutting board. Cleaning is done
with a cleaning agent that removes
food, soil, or other substances.
SANITIZING-
the act of making the surface
sanitary or free of visible dirt
contaminants that could affect your
health. Sanitizing is meant to reduce,
not kill, the occurrence and growth
of bacteria, viruses and fungi.
CHEMICAL COMPOUND-

is a pure chemical substance

consisting of two or more
different chemical elements
SURFACTANTS-
also called surface-active agent,
substance such as a detergent that,
when added to a liquid, reduces its
surface tension, thereby increasing
its spreading and wetting properties.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE CLEANING PROCESS

Soil- varying degrees of food soil will be

deposited on the equipment during
production. These food soils will require
complete removal during the cleaning
process and will affect the cleaning
compound used, along with the method of
cleaning.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE CLEANING PROCESS

Time- the longer a cleaning solution

remains in contact with the equipment
surface, the greater the amount of food
soil the is removed. More time in contact
with the soil reduces the chemical
concentration requirements.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE CLEANING PROCESS

Temperature- soils are affected by

temperature in varying degrees. In the
presence of a cleaning solution, most soils
become more readily soluble as the
temperature increases.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE CLEANING PROCESS

Chemical concentrations- it varies

depending on the chemical itself, type of
food soil, and the equipment to be
cleaned. Concentration will normally be
reduced as time and temperature are
increased.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE CLEANING PROCESS

Mechanical force- is as simple as hand

scrubbing with a brush or as complex as
turbulent flow and pressure inside a
pipeline. This aids in soil removal and
typically reduces time, temperature and
concentration requirement.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE CLEANING PROCESS

Water- minerals in hard water can reduce

the effectiveness of some detergents or
sanitizers. Water pH ranges generally
from pH5-8.5. However, highly acidic
water may require additional buffering
agents. Water used for cleaning and
sanitizing must be potable and pathogen
 TYPES OF CHEMICALS
USED IN CLEANING AND
SANITIZING THE KITCHEN
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
 Cleaning agents or Hard Surface Cleaners
are substances usually liquids, powders,
sprays or granules used to remove dirt including
dust, stains, bad smells and clutter on surfaces.
Purposes of cleaning agents include health,
beauty, removing offensive odor and avoiding the
spread of dirt and contaminants to oneself and
others. Some cleaning agents can kill bacteria
(e.g. door handle bacteria, as well as bacteria on
worktops and other metallic surfaces) and clean
at the same time. Others, called degreasers,
 Acidic Cleaning Agents

are mainly used for removal of inorganic

deposits like scaling. The active
ingredients are normally strong mineral
acids and chelants. Often, surfactants and
corrosion inhibitors are added to the acid.
 Hydrochloric Acid

is a common mineral acid used for

concrete. Vinegar can also be used to
clean hard surfaces and remove calcium
deposits that also helps to maintain our
environment bacteria free.
 Sulfuric acid

is used in acidic drain cleaners to unblock

clogged pipes by dissolving greases,
proteins, and even carbohydrate-
containing substances such as toilet
tissue.
 Alkaline Cleaning Agents
Contain strong bases like sodium
hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Bleach
(pH 12) and ammonia (pH11) are common
alkaline cleaning agents. Often,
dispersants to prevent redeposition of
dissolved dirt and chelants, to attack rust,
are added to the alkaline agent. Alkaline
cleaners can dissolve fats (including
grease), oil, and protein-based
 Neutral washing agents

are pH-neutral and based on non-ionic

surfactants that disperse different types.
 Degreasers
are cleaning agents specially made of
grease. These may be solvent-based or
solvent-containing and metamorphic.
 Scouring Agents
are a mixture of the usual cleaning chemicals
(Surfactants, water, softeners) as well as
abrasive powders. The abrasive powder must
be a uniform particle size. Particles are usually
smaller than 0.05mm. Pumice, calcium
carbonate (limestone, chalk, dolomite),
kaolinite, quartz, soapstone or talc are often
used as abrasives, i.e. polishing agents. Special
bleaching powders contain compounds that
release sodium hypochlorite, the classical
household bleaching agent. These precursor
 All-purpose Cleaners
contain mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants,
polymeric phosphate or other sequestering agents,
solvents, hydrotropic substances polymeric compounds,
corrosion inhibitors, skin-protective agents, and
sometimes perfumes and colorants. Some cleaners
contain water-soluble organic solvents like glycol ethers
and fatty alcohols, which ease the removal of oil, fat and
paint. All-purpose cleaners are usually concentrated
solutions of surfactants and water softener, which
enhance the behavior of surfactant in hard water. A
typical water softener is sodium triphosphate. All-
purpose cleaners are effective with most common kinds
 COMMON CLEANING AGENTS
• Water - the most common cleaning • Sodium Bicarbonate (baking soda)
agent which is a very powerful polar • Tetrachloroethylene (dry cleaning)
solvent
• Carbon Dioxide
• Soap or detergent
• Chromic Acid
• Ammonia solution
• Trisodium phosphate
• Calcium hypochlorite (powdered
bleach) • Saltwater soap (a potassium based
soap)
• Citric Acid
• Sodium percarbonate
• Sodium hypochlorite (liquid bleach)
• Sodium perborate
• Sodium hydroxide (lye)
• Acetone (can damage plastics)
• Acetic acid (vinegar)
• Amyl nitrate and other nitrites
• Various forms of alcohol- like
isopropyl alcohol or rubbing alcohol • Xylene (can damage plastics)
• Borax
2. Acetone Used as a solvent 12. Sodium Hypochlorite Liquid
but can bleach
damage plastic 13. Sodium Perborate Salt with
3. Alcohol Isopropyl or
rubbing hydrogen peroxide
alcohol 14. Sodium Percarbonate Salt
with
4. Ammonia Alkaline compound
of carbonic acid
Nitrogen and 15. Tetrachloroethylene Dry
hydrogen cleaning
NH3 16. Trisodium Phosphate A
5. Borax White crystalline crystalline
compound
6. Calcium Powdered bleach compound
Hypochlorite 17. Water The most
7. Chromic Similar to sulfuric
acid
Acid common cleaning
8. Citric acid From juices of agent
lemons, 18. Xylene Obtained
limes and oranges from
9. Saltwater A potassium based natural