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Matter Part 1

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7 views19 pages

Matter Part 1

Uploaded by

kushalravi2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER
1

MATTER
Definition
Matter is any
substance that
has mass and
takes up space by
having volume.
Composition-of matter

*Atoms

*Molecules

*Ions
Atoms are the basic units of matter and the defining structure
of elements
Molecule, a group of two or more atoms that form the
smallest identifiable unit into which a pure substance can be
divided and still retain the composition and chemical
properties of that substance.
• An ion is an atom or molecule that carries an electric charge.
Atom, elements and compound
ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS
Three States of Matter
• Matter can exist in one of three main states: solid,
liquid, or gas.
• Solid matter is composed of tightly packed particles. A
solid will retain its shape; the particles are not free to
move around.
• Liquid matter is made of more loosely packed particles.
It will take the shape of its container. Particles can move
about within a liquid, but they are packed densely
enough that volume is maintained.
• Gaseous matter is composed of particles packed so
loosely that it has neither a defined shape nor a defined
volume. A gas can be compressed.
Arrangement of particles in solids, liquids
and gases.
Comparative study of solids, liquids and
gases:
Kinetic Theory of Matter

• POSTULATES OF KINETIC THEORY OF GASES -


DEFINITION
• 1. All matter is composed of tiny particles
2. These tiny particles of matter are in constant motion
3. Solids, liquids and gases differ in the freedom of
motion of their particles and the extent to which the
particles interact
4. The amount of motion is proportional to temperature.
The particles move faster with the increase in
temperature
Interconversion of States of Matter
INTERCONVERSION OF THREE STATES OF MATTER - DIAGRAM
VAPOURISATION - DEFINITION
Vaporization of an element or compound is a phase transition from the liquid phase to vapor.
Boiling point is the temperature at which liquid changes to vapor. Examples: Boiling of water.
Water changes to water vapor at 1000C which is melting point of water.

FREEZING - DEFINITION
Freezing, or solidification, is a phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid when its
temperature is lowered below its freezing point. Freezing point is the temperature at which liquid
changes to solid
Liquid water turning to ice is an example of freezing.
Freezing point of water is 00C

SUBLIMATION - DEFINITION
Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without
passing through the intermediate liquid phase.

MELTING POINT - DEFINITION


The temperature at which a given material changes from a solid to a liquid, or melts is called as
its melting point. Example : Ice melts at 32o Fahrenheit or 00 Celsius.

VAPORISATION - EXAMPLE
Conversion of liquid state in the gaseous state in water is called vaporisation.
Assignment:
1.Define the term matter?
2.State three states of matter.
3.Differentiate between solids, liquids and gases.
4.List out the postulates of kinetic theory of matter.

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