HMT141:

INTRODUCTION TO
TRAVEL AND
TOURISM INDUSTRY
UNIT-2
TOURISM TYPOLOGIES
OBJECTIVES
difference between tourist, traveller and excursionist,

religious tourism,

adventure tourism,

sustainable tourism,

cultural tourism,

eco tourism,

special interest tourism,

MICE tourism,

health and wellness tourism

 TRAVEL

JOURNE
TRIP
Y
 A traveller is a person making an entry into a county for any purpose and any duration.
Travellers can then be sub-divided into visitors and other travellers.

A visitor is a traveller whose trip purpose is related to tourism, namely personal, business, study, to
be a crew member in a private vehicle (private aircraft or private boat) or whose purpose is not
known, and whose trip duration is less than one year. Visitors can be split further into excursionists
and tourists.

An excursionist is a visitor without an overnight stay, meaning that the arrival and departure occurs in
the same calendar day. Also referred to as a "same-day visitor".

A tourist is a visitor with a trip duration of at least one night, meaning that the arrival and departure
occur in different calendar days. Also referred to as an "overnight visitor".

An other traveller refers to a traveller whose trip purpose is not related to tourism, namely to be a
crew member in a commercial vehicle (commercial aircraft, ferry, cruise ship or other commercial
boat, truck, bus or train), a traveller with an other non-tourism related purpose (work, immigration,
military service, diplomats or consular staff), or a traveller whose trip purpose is related to tourism,
but has a trip duration of 365 or more nights.
RELIGIOUS/
SPIRITUAL/
SACRED/
FAITH TOURISM
RELIGIOUS/ PILGRIMA Pilgrimage involves
travel in the name of
GE
SPIRITUAL/ religion or spirituality

SACRED/
FAITH TOURISM
Travellers are looking to
EDUCATIO learn from the
experiences of diverse
N religious traditions,
teachings, and
practices at important
religious sites
RELIGIOUS TOURISM

When a person travels to a pilgrimage site primarily based on

their religious belief, it is known as religious tourism. These
travelers perform pilgrimage as a way to worship and enjoy
salvation. However, there are Muslim and Jewish travelers who
go for pilgrimage because it is obligated by their religion.
 Popularity of Religious Tourism
While the main purpose of religious tourism is to worship, there are other reasons why travelers want to
undertake this form of tourism. Some of them are highlighted below:
• Gratitude and Confession: When people face a crisis in life, they tend to turn to the divine to get help. If they
tide over their crises, they visit the shrine to thank the deity, god, or goddess for their divine intervention.
Others may resort to religious tourism as a way to absolve themselves of their sins. They may believe that their
problems are due to their sins and will visit a sacred site based on their belief to communicate with the divine
and ask for forgiveness.
• Spiritual Salvation: In many societies, going on a pilgrimage is seen as a mark of piety. This belief is
especially true among Hindus, who visit religious sites to accumulate religious merits while Buddhist go to a
sacred place as it is considered the first step in attaining enlightenment. Many seniors embark on religious
tourism when they want to make peace with themselves before their leave behind their mortal remains.
• Celebrate Religious Events: When people have the financial means, they visit a religious site to celebrate
specific religious events. These events are mentioned in sacred tenets and during religious festivities, they are
reenacted as a way to commemorate them.
• Communicate with Other Believers: Religious visits also give people a chance to meet and socialize with
fellow believers. It helps the person reaffirm their religious beliefs in a modern environment.
RELIGIOUS TOURISM

GOLDEN TEMPLE

Located in Amritsar, India, this is the

holiest site of Sikhism and was
named the world's most visited
religious site in 2017.
RELIGIOUS TOURISM

BODH GAYA

Located about 8 miles from Gaya, India,

this is a holy site for Buddhists because it's
where Buddha attained enlightenment. The
Mahabodhi Temple, with its pyramid-
shaped spire, is a focal point of the site
RELIGIOUS TOURISM

MECCA

Located in Saudi Arabia, this is one of the

world's most famous holy cities and the
birthplace of the Prophet
Muhammad. Thousands of pilgrims visit
each year for the Islamic Hajj pilgrimage
RELIGIOUS TOURISM

VATICAN CITY

Considered a sacred location by

Christians, Vatican City is home to many
iconic landmarks and museums that
attract millions of tourists each year.
RELIGIOUS TOURISM

JERUSALEM

Considered a sacred location by

Christians, Vatican City is home to many
iconic landmarks and museums that
attract millions of tourists each year.
ADVENTURE TOURISM
Adventure tourism is a trip that includes at least two of the following
three elements physical activity, natural environment and cultural
immersion.
 PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY

ELEMENTS OF
ADVENTURE ADVENTU
TOURISM RE
TOURISM

NATURAL
CULTURAL
ENVIRONME
IMMERSION
NT
ADVENTURE TOURISM IN INDIA
India has a significant geographical advantage owing to its rich natural & eco-
tourism resources:

70 percent of the Himalayas

7,000 Km of coastline

Among one of the three countries in the world with both hot and cold deserts.

Ranks 10th in total area under forest cover.

Ranks 6th in terms of number of recognized UNESCO Natural Heritage sites.

ADVENTURE TOURISM IN INDIA

Adventure tourism is a type of niche tourism where exploration or travel involves

some degree of risk (real or perceived) and may require special skills, and
physical effort.

Adventure tourism can be any tourism activity that includes physical activity,
cultural exchange, and connection with nature.

Adventure tourism experiences are generally divided into two types hard
adventure and soft adventure.
ADVENTURE TOURISM IN INDIA

Hard Adventure Activities

Adventure tourism activities that involve a high level of risk and require a greater
level of expertise, skills, training and experience. Tourists taking hard adventure
activities, need to have the knowledge of hard adventure activity, a high level of
expertise, physical & mental fitness, and expert guidance. High altitude
mountaineering, river rafting, scuba diving, hang gliding, skydiving comes etc. are
hard adventure activities.
ADVENTURE TOURISM IN INDIA

Soft Adventure Activities

Adventure tourism activities involve moderate levels of risk and the tourists
involved in these activities do not require particular skills or experience. Most
tourists take soft adventure activities for recreation and fun as it involves a lesser
level of risk. Hiking, camping, biking come under soft adventure activities.
 WATE
R
BASE
D
TYPES OF
ADVENTURE
TOURISM ADVENTU
ACTIVITIES RE
TOURISM

AIR LAND
BASE BASE
D D
 WATER BASED ADVENTURE
ACTIVITIES

WATER
BASED

KITE WIND RIVER SCUBA SNORKELIN

KAYAKING RAFTING
BOARDING SURFING CRUISING DIVING G
WATER BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
1. KITEBOARDING
WATER BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
1. KITEBOARDING
WATER BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
2. WIND SURFING
WATER BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
2. WIND SURFING
WATER BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
3. KAYAKING
 State/ UT Locations
Andaman & Nicobar Islands Port Blair, Havelock Island, Neil Island
Chhattisgarh Chitrakote Falls, Gangrel Dam
Sinquerim, Arambol, Valpoi, Bicholim,
Goa Agonda, Palolem, Bagmola, Hawaii
Beach, agator, Anjuna, Cola,
Daman & Diu Diu
Gujarat Ahmedabad, Vadodara
Manali, Kullu, Shimla, Spiti Valley,
Himachal Pradesh
Bilaspur, Chamba
Jammu & Kashmir Reasi, Pahalgam, Gulmarg, Kishtwar
Jharkhand Patratu
Dandeli, Coorg, Nandi Hill, Mysore,
Karnataka
Karwar
Wayanad, Kozhikode, Idukki, Alleppy,
Kerala
Trivandrum
Ladakh Leh, Kargil, Drass, Zanskar
Lakshadweep Kavarati, Agati, Kadmat, Mini coy
Madhya Pradesh Bhopal, Orchha, Hanuwantiya Island
Mumbai, Alibag, Lonavala, Kolad, Vasai,
Maharashtra
Pune, Bhandardara, Nagpur
Manipur Imphal
Meghalaya Dawki
Odisha Chilika, Cuttack, Hirakund
Paradise Beach, Chunnamabar River,
Puducherry Pondy Ocean Park, Karaikal Beach,
Promenade Beach
Tamil Nadu Chennai, Kodaikanal
Telangana Hyderabad, Godavarikhani
Rishikesh, Nainital, Uttar Kashi,
Uttarakhand Bhimtal, Mussorrie, Jim Corbett
National Park
West Bengal Teesta, Mandormani
WATER BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
4. RAFTING
 State/ UT Locations
Dibrugarh, Aalo, Pappu Valley,
Arunachal Pradesh
Pasighat, Bhalukpong, Roing, Dirang
Manas, National Park, Nameri National
Assam
Park
Goa Valpoi, Arambol, Vagator
Gujarat Ahmedabad, Vadodara
Haryana Damdama Lake
Manali, Shimla, Kullu, Spiti Valley,
Himachal Pradesh
Bilaspur, Dalhousie, Chamba
Reasi, Pahalgam, Sonmarg, Kishtwar,
Jammu & Kashmir
Gurez
Karnataka Dandeli, Coorg, Nandi Hills, Karwar
Kerala Wayanad
Leh, Kargil, Drass, Nubra Valley,
Ladakh
Zanskar
Madhya Pradesh Orchha
Maharashtra Kolad
Manipur Imphal
Meghalaya Dawki
Sikkim Melli
Tamil Nadu Kodaikanal
Rishikesh, Uttar Kashi, Mussorrie, Jim
Uttarakhand
Corbett National Park
West Bengal Teesta
WATER BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
5. RIVER CRUISING
WATER BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
6. SCUBA DIVING
Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Device. (SCUBA).
WATER BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
6. SCUBA DIVING
WATER BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
7. SNORKELING
WATER BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
7. SNORKELING
 CYCLING TOURS
HORSE SAFARIS
JEEP SAFARIS
MOTORCYCLE TOURS
MOUNTAINEERING
CAMEL SAFARIS
LAND BASED NATURE WALK AND BIRD WATCHING
ADVENTURE ROCK CLIMBING
ACTIVITIES SKIING/ SNOWBOARDING
ICE SKATING
TREKKING
WILDLIFE SAFARIS
ZIP WIRE
HELI SKIING
HIKING
 LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
1. CYCLING TOURS
Bicycle touring is the
practise of going on
autonomous bike trips for
leisure, exploration, or
autonomy rather than for
sport, commuting, or
exercise. Cycling tours
can vary from day trips to
week-long or month-long
journeys.
 LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
2. HOSRSE SAFARI

A horse safari is a type of

adventure travel
experience in which
visitors ride horses
through natural
landscapes or wilderness
places. Horse safaris can
be enjoyed in a variety of
locations, including
wildlife reserves, national
parks, deserts, mountains,
and forests.
LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
2. HOSRSE SAFARI
 LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
3. JEEP SAFARI

A "Jeep safari" is a popular

adventure sport that involves
travelling into the wilderness in a
four-wheel drive vehicle, usually a
Jeep. It is a unique method to
encountering fauna and flora in
remote areas that are difficult to
reach on foot. Jeep safaris are
frequently held in national parks,
wildlife refuges, and other
protected areas where visitors
can view and photograph wildlife
in its natural habitat.
 LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
4. MOTORCYCLE TOURS

A motorcycle tour is a type of

adventure travel in which
visitors ride motorcycles
through scenic areas, urban
areas, or well-known tourist
destinations. Motorcycle
tours can be taken in a
variety of locations, including
scenic routes, mountainous
landscapes, coastal
highways, and urban regions.
 LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
5. MOUNTAINEERING

Climbing mountains and

other high-altitude
summits is a type of
outdoor exercise known as
mountaineering. Technical
expertise, physical
strength, and mental
toughness are all required
for this difficult and
physically demanding
work.
LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
5. MOUNTAINEERING
 LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
6. CAMEL SAFARI

A camel safari is an
adventure trip that
includes riding on the back
of a camel through a
desert or other arid region.
Camel travel is ideal
because they can go for
long periods without water
and can cross the difficult
terrain of the desert.
LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
6. CAMEL SAFARI
 LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
7. NATURE WALKS BIRD/ BIRD WATCHING

Nature walks are popular ways for

people to discover and appreciate
their surroundings in the great
outdoors. Bird watching is a
common activity that can be done
while on a nature walk. Bird
watching is the practise of
observing and identifying different
bird species in their natural
habitats. Many people enjoy bird
watching because it allows them to
respect nature and the beauty of
these distinct and intriguing
species.
 LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
8. ROCK CLIMBING

The activity of rock

climbing involves
ascending rock formations
using specialised tools
and techniques. The goal
of rock climbing is to
ascend a cliff or rock wall
while overcoming the
difficulties that come with
it.
 LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
9. SKIING/ SNOWBOARDING

Skiing involves sliding across snow

while wearing boots with skis affixed.
Skis are typically long and narrow,
constructed of wood, plastic, or metal.
Skiers commonly use ski poles to aid in
balance and forward motion. Skiing can
be divided into three types: cross-
country, freestyle, and downhill, each
needing a distinct set of skills and
equipment. Skiing is both a popular
recreational activity and a competitive
sport, and there are numerous ski
resorts around the globe that offer
amenities and services to skiers of all
abilities.
LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
9. SKIING/ SNOWBOARDING
 LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
10. ICE SKATING
Ice skating is an activity that involves
moving around on ice while wearing ice
skates, which are special boots with
attached blades. It can be done on an ice
arena or on frozen bodies of water such as
lakes or ponds.

Figure skating, ice hockey, speed skating,

and coordinated skating are all examples of
ice skating. Ice hockey is a game played
with a puck and sticks, whereas figure
skating includes performing artistic and
acrobatic exploits on the ice. Speed skating
entails competing against other skaters,
whereas synchronised skating involves a
group of skaters performing scripted
routines.
 LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
11. TREKKING

Trekking is a popular outdoor

activity that involves long-
distance walking on rough
terrain, usually on steep or
hilly terrain. This type of
hiking requires stamina,
physical fitness, and the
courage to challenge oneself
to the limit.
 LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
12. WILDLIFE SAFARIS

A "wildlife safari" is an outdoor

experience that includes seeing and
photographing wild animals in their
natural habitats. It is a popular
activity for those who enjoy the
outdoors, photography, and wildlife
watching and want to experience the
thrill of being close to animals such
as lions, elephants, tigers, bears,
and other creatures in their natural
environment.
 LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
13. ZIP WIRE

Participants in a zip wire, also known as a

zip line, slide down a hanging rope while
attached to a pulley system. It is a
popular adventure activity that is
frequently seen at outdoor recreation
areas, adventure camps, and other
locations.

A zip wire is a long cable that connects

two points, usually on a hill or across a
canyon. Riders typically begin at a higher
height, and a harness and pulley system
secures them to the rope. Gravity and the
momentum generated by the first shove
propel them as they slide down the cable
to the other end.
LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
13. ZIP WIRE
 LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
14. HELISKIING

Heli skiing is the practise of

skiing or snowboarding in
remote mountainous areas
that are inaccessible by
normal ski lifts or vehicles.
Instead, skiers and
snowboarders are flown to a
mountain's summit, where
they can enjoy virgin, deep
powder snow and difficult
terrain.

Gulmarg, Auli, Manali, Solang

valley, etc
 LAND BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
15. HIKING

Hiking is a well-liked
outdoor activity that
requires moving over
unpaved, often through
hills, mountains, or other
natural places. It is a type
of exercise, entertainment,
and adventure that enables
individuals to engage with
nature, discover new
locations, and push their
physical and mental limits.
 AIR BASED ADVENTURE
ACTIVITIES

AIR BASED

HOT AIR
PARAGLIDI HANG PARA
BALLOONIN SKYDIVING
NG GLIDING MOTORING
G
AIR BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
1. HOT AIR BALLOONING
AIR BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
2. PARAGLIDING
 State/ UT Locations
Arunachal Pradesh Pappu Valley
Assam Haflong, Dangufur Hill
Goa Arambol, Anjuna, Querim
Gujarat Saputara
Haryana Gurgaon
Manali, Shimla, Kullu, Bir
Himachal Pradesh Billing, Bilaspur, Rohtang Pass,
McLeodganj, Dalhousie
Sanasar, Nathatop, Sonmarg,
Jammu & Kashmir
Srinagar, Gulmarg, Bhaderwah
Jharkhand Giridih
Kerala Wayanad, Idukki
Karnataka Nandi Hills
Ladhak Leh, Zanskar
Madhya Pradesh Pachmarhi
Maharashtra Kamshet, Panchgani
Manipur Imphal
Mizoram Chuanhnuai
Nagaland Ntangki National Park
Rajasthan Jodhpur, Jaisalmer
Sikkim Gangtok
Tamil Nadu Yelagiri, Kodaikanal
Telangana Bangara Hills (Hyderabad)
Rishikesh, Tehri, Nainital, Auli,
Bhimtal, Mussorrie, Kanatal,
Uttarakhand Dhanaulti, Dehradun, Dayara
Bugyal, Pithoragarh, Pratap
Nagar, Bedni Bugya
West Bengal Kalimpong, Darjeeling
AIR BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
3. HANG GLIDING
AIR BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
4. PARA MOTORING
 State/ UT Locations
Chhattisgarh Chitrakote Falls
Daman & Diu Diu
Delhi Delhi NCR
Goa Mandrem Beach
Gujarat Vadodara, Rann if Kutch
Haryana Gurgaon
Karnataka Bangalore, Karwar, Coorg
Kerala Idukki, Kozhikode
Madhya Pradesh Bhopal
Mumbai, Kamshet, Hadapsar,
Maharashtra
Ganpatipule
Manipur Imphal
Odisha Hirakund
Punjab Ludhiana
Jaipur, Jaisalmer, Pushkar,
Rajasthan
Udaipur
Telangana Mehbubnagar
Rishikesh, Tehri, Jim Corbett
Uttar Pradesh
National Park
Uttarakhand Vrindaban
AIR BASED ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES
5. SKYDIVING
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
 "Tourism that takes full account
of its current and future
SUSTAINABLE economic, social and
TOURISM environmental impacts,
addressing the needs of visitors,
the industry, the environment
and host communities"
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
GOALS
 Indian Tourism has been included as
targets in Goals 8, 12 and 14 on
inclusive and sustainable economic
growth, sustainable consumption and
production and the sustainable use of
oceans and marine resources,
respectively. Tourism, however, has the
potential to contribute, directly or
indirectly, to all of the sustainable
development goals.
SUSTAINABILITY
SUSTAINABLE
TOURISM
STAKEHOLDERS
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM ACTIVITIES
 PROMOTING
ENVIRONMENT
PROTECTING
AL
BIODIVERSITY
SUSTAINABILIT
Y
PROMOTING
PROMOTING
SOCIO-
ECONOMIC
CULTURAL
SUSTAINABILIT
SUSTAINABILIT
Y
Strategic Pillars of Y
National Strategy for
Sustainable Tourism SCHEME FOR IEC &
SUSTAINABLE CAPACITY
TOURISM BUILDING

GOVERNANCE
 Promoting Environmental
Sustainability
The Ministry of tourism adopts
environmental sustainability as one of
the key principles of sustainable
tourism as laid down by UNWTO. It will
entail optimal use of environmental
resources that constitute a key element
in tourism development, maintaining
essential ecological processes and
helping to conserve natural heritage
and biodiversity.
 Protecting Biodiversity
Protection of biological diversity is an
important part of environmental
sustainability. There is need to support the
conservation of natural areas, habitats and
wildlife, and minimize damage to them. This
is an area where the positive and negative
impacts of tourism can be felt most strongly.
All ecosystems, whether mountains, deserts,
rainforests, wetlands or inland waters, have
their own special sensitivities which need to
be considered when planning for tourism
activities.
 Promoting Economic
Sustainability
Ministry of Tourism recognizes economic
sustainability as a key principle for
sustainable tourism as laid down by UNWTO.
In order to achieve economic sustainability,
there is need to ensure viable, long-term
economic operations, providing socio-
economic benefits to all stakeholders that
are fairly distributed, including stable
employment and income-earning
opportunities and social services to host
communities, and contributing to poverty
alleviation.
 Promoting Socio-Cultural
Sustainability
Sustainable tourism aims to respect and
enhance the historic heritage, authentic
culture, traditions and distinctiveness of
host communities. Respect for, and
understanding of, cultural diversity between
nations and peoples is a key principle of
sustainable development. Tourism can be a
considerable force for the conservation of
historic and cultural heritage and can
stimulate arts, crafts and other creative
activities within communities.
 Scheme for Certification of
Sustainable Tourism
In order to mainstream sustainability in
tourism sector, it is important to
measure the adoption of principles of
sustainable tourism in various
destinations, products and industry
whether accommodation providers or
tour operators. Ministry of Tourism has
adopted Sustainable Tourism Criteria of
India based on global practices adopted
to the needs of the country.
 IEC and Capacity Building

Sustainable and responsible tourism is an

evolving area and there is great need for a
well-planned Information, Education and
Communication (IEC) campaign to create
awareness, understanding and acceptance of
sustainable tourism amongst all stakeholders.
The campaign will have to be spearheaded by
the Central Government and State
Governments with full support of the industry
and other Stakeholders including local
government functionaries, forest and wildlife
officials, local communities and non-
government organizations working in the field.
 Governance

Ministry of Tourism will prepare a detailed

National Action Plan in consultation with
relevant Ministries, State Governments and
Industry Stakeholders for implementation of
the Strategy. The Action plan will be reviewed
and monitored in accordance with the laid
down governance mechanism for the same.
State Governments will prepare State specific
policy and action plan for development of
sustainable tourism. The Ministry will help
with model policies and action plans for
guidance of the States.
CULTURAL TOURISM
CULTURAL TOURISM
According to the definition adopted by the UN Tourism General Assembly, at its 22nd session (2017), Cultural
Tourism implies

“A type of tourism activity in which the visitor’s essential motivation

is to learn, discover, experience and consume the tangible and
intangible cultural attractions/products in a tourism destination.
These attractions/products relate to a set of distinctive material,
intellectual, spiritual and emotional features of a society that
encompasses arts and architecture, historical and cultural heritage,
culinary heritage, literature, music, creative industries and the living
cultures with their lifestyles, value systems, beliefs and traditions”.
CULTURAL TOURISM
The main objective of learning has been presented under Five
Broad Categories. They are as follows:
1. Religion, Family, Marriage Customs
2.Gastronomy, Textile, Languages
3. Performing Culture of India
4. Visual Art Heritage
5. Features of Indian Culture
CULTURAL TOURISM
The main objective of learning has been presented under Five
Broad Categories. They are as follows:
1. Religion, Family, Marriage Customs
2.Gastronomy, Textile, Languages
3. Performing Culture of India
4. Visual Art Heritage
5. Features of Indian Culture
Factors promoting Cultural
Tourism in India
Hospitality and food

Activities and events

Creation of world-class tourism infrastructure

Generation of tourism markets abroad

Additional initiatives are taken by the Government of India

Easy setup of tourism businesses

Development of a mobile app

CULTURAL TOURISM

ANGKOR
WAT
CULTURAL TOURISM

TAJ MAHAL
CULTURAL TOURISM

GIZA
NECROPOLI
S
CULTURAL TOURISM

PETRA
CULTURAL TOURISM

ATHENS
ECO TOURISM
Ecotourism is now defined as “responsible
travel to natural areas that conserves the
environment, sustains the well-being of
the local people, and involves
interpretation and education”
 ECOTOURISM
According to the UN Tourism's definition, ecotourism refers to forms of tourism which have the following
characteristics:

1.All nature-based forms of tourism in which the main motivation of the tourists is the observation and
appreciation of nature as well as the traditional cultures prevailing in natural areas.

2.It contains educational and interpretation features.

3.It is generally, but not exclusively organised by specialised tour operators for small groups. Service provider
partners at the destinations tend to be small, locally owned businesses.

4.It minimises negative impacts upon the natural and socio-cultural environment.

5.It supports the maintenance of natural areas which are used as ecotourism attractions by:
1. Generating economic benefits for host communities, organisations and authorities managing natural areas with
conservation purposes;
2. Providing alternative employment and income opportunities for local communities;
3. Increasing awareness towards the conservation of natural and cultural assets, both among locals and tourists.
 PRINCIPLES OF ECOTOURISM
Ecotourism is about uniting conservation, communities, and sustainable travel. This means that those
who implement, participate in and market ecotourism activities should adopt the following ecotourism
principles:
• Minimize physical, social, behavioral, and psychological impacts.

• Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect.

• Provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts.

• Provide direct financial benefits for conservation.

• Generate financial benefits for both local people and private industry.

• Deliver memorable interpretative experiences to visitors that help raise sensitivity to host countries’
political, environmental, and social climates.
• Design, construct and operate low-impact facilities.

• Recognize the rights and spiritual beliefs of the Indigenous People in your community and work in
partnership with them to create empowerment.
Best Eco-Tourism Destinations in
India

https://www.tourmyindia.com/blog/best-eco-tourism-destinations-india/
SPECIAL INTEREST TOURISM
 Special Interest Tourism refers to specialized tourism involving
groups or individuals who want to develop certain interests by
visiting sites and place connected with a specific subject.

Special interest tourism can be motivated by a desire to immerse

oneself in an existing interest (e.g. places related to movie or
television series) or the desire to pursue a new interest in a
location that might be novel ( e.g. place, authenticity) or, indeed,
familiar.

In general, Special interest tourism involves seeking customized

leisure and recreational experiences, as driven by the Specific
interest of individuals or groups (e.g. Korean television series fan
clubs).
 FACTORS TYPE OF SIT

Urban Tourism
Environmental Tourism
Geographical Factor Eco Tourism
Mountain Tourism
Avitourism

Gastronomy Tourism
Wine Tourism
Gems & Jewellery Tourism
Cultural Factor Crafts Tourism
Textile Tourism
Shopping Tourism
Gambling Tourism

Types of Special Historical Tourism

Ethnic Tourism
Rural Tourism
Interest Tourism Social Factor Wedding Tourism
Dark Tourism
LGBT Tourism
Community Based Tourism

Wellness Tourism
Medical Tourism
Psychological & demographical
Yoga Tourism
Factors
Sports Tourism
Adventure Tourism

Space Tourism
Marine Tourism
Technological Factor
Virtual Tourism
Cinematic Tourism
Inclusive Tourism
Economic Factors Slum Tourism
Disaster Tourism
MICE TOURISM
MICE is an acronym that stands for meetings, incentives, conferences, and
exhibitions. In recent years, the terms "meetings industry" and "events industry"
have been gaining popularity as alternatives for MICE.

It makes up a big part of global business travel since every industry has regular
events of some kind. The main goal here is always to bring professionals together,
foster connections, promote new ideas, and push growth.

Traditionally, MICE encompasses mostly business events. Leisure events like

concerts or festivals fall into a different category. However, many organisers now
add leisure elements to larger events to better engage attendees and create a
more memorable experience.
MEETINGS
Meetings are usually a single-day event held in hotel conference rooms or at
convention centres. They can vary in size from only a small group of senior
executives to larger gatherings like annual shareholder meetings.

The purpose is to bring together people from one company, industry, or project to
address challenges, discuss plans, and set goals. Catering is often kept simple
and there’s rarely an entertainment program.
INCENTIVES
Incentives are probably the most fun part of the MICE segment. They include all
types of travel rewards a company offers to individual staff, teams, or partners
(e.g. affiliates). In this context, the goal of an incentive is to thank people for their
great performance, boost morale, or increase employee loyalty.

Incentives can take different forms depending on the company organising them.
Some may send their team for an all-inclusive weekend trip to an out-of-town
resort. Others might plan a variety of activities closer to home to encourage staff
to bond in an informal setting.
 CONFERENCES
Panels: A group of experts discusses a topic and presents new
findings. A moderator asks questions, ensures good flow, and may take
questions from the audience.
Think of conferences as supersized
meetings. They often last more than one
Presentations: At a company conference, senior leaders may present
day and can vary in size, but usually they
the latest successes or results of the business. At public industry
have more attendees than meetings. As conferences, thought leaders may be invited as guest speakers to
with incentives, conferences can look very share the newest trends and insights. Presentations often rely on
different depending on the organisers and props, slides, or other visual elements.
the industry behind them.
Speeches: Also known as keynotes, speeches often mark the
The purpose of conferences varies, but usually, beginning or end of a conference. Sometimes it’s the host or organiser
they’re meant to address and find solutions to welcoming or thanking attendees for joining. Other times an industry
challenges in a business or industry. Sharing new leader may address an important issue and share ideas for solutions.
insights and research is a big part of that. So are
networking and team-building activities. Discussions: They can be part of a panel. In this case, a select group
talks about a topic while the audience listens. Some organisers use
breakout rooms to encourage active debate among small groups of
attendees.

Workshops: A small group of participants works on a specific problem

case or researches a certain topic. This approach is a great way to offer
EXHIBITIONS
Also referred to as trade shows, exhibitions are usually massive events that draw thousands of visitors and exhibitors
from around the world. They can last anywhere from several days to a week. Exhibitions are usually very industry-
specific and have a well-defined target market.

Exhibitors go to trade shows to present and promote their product or service, drive business, and liaise with existing and
potential partners. Industry professionals go to network, find clients or jobs, and discover new ways to solve problems.

Common activities at exhibitions can include one, a mix of, or all of the activities present at conferences, as well as:

Networking events: Trade shows often have networking parties for subgroups among their attendees. This is a great
place to meet potential partners, discuss collaborations, and exchange thoughts on current trends.

Awards: An award show is part of many exhibitions and honours industry leaders for their achievements. It also gives
winners quite a PR and marketing push. Even if you’re not up for an award, it’s worth checking out the nominees for
inspiration.

New business pitches: Since trade shows want to promote growth and innovation in their industry, there’s often a
dedicated event for new business pitches. It’s great for start-ups to gain visibility, funding, clients, and job applicants.
HEALTH & WELLNESS TOURISM
Wellness Tourism
Global Wellness Institute has defined wellness tourism as “travel associated with
the goal

of maintaining or enhancing one’s personal well-being and includes the pursuit of

physical,

mental, spiritual or environmental ‘wellness’ while traveling for either leisure or

business.”

Primary wellness traveller- A traveller whose trip or destination choice is primarily

motivated

by wellness.

Secondary wellness traveller- A traveller who seeks to maintain wellness while

traveling or who participates in wellness experiences while taking any type of trip
for leisure or business.
Ananda in Rishikesh
Six Senses Vana, Dehradun
Atmantan Wellness, Pune
Health/ Medical Tourism
Medical tourism primarily addresses the “poor health” end of the market, with
patients traveling to another place for specific medical treatments or
enhancements.

Top medical tourism procedures include cosmetic surgery, orthopaedic surgery,

cardiac surgery, and dental procedures.

Patients and their families are attracted by the availability, better quality, and/or
price of care at the destinations.

Therefore, successful medical tourism depends upon the status of a country’s

broader medical sector, along with appropriate government regulations, patient
safeguards, training standards, insurance frameworks, travel and visa restrictions,
and other issues that drive the patient’s experience and treatment outcomes.