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Distributed System PPT 40

SE

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280 views18 pages

Distributed System PPT 40

SE

Uploaded by

Sachin chinnu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DR.

SNS RAJALAKHSMI COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE


(AN AUTONOMOUS CO-EDUCATION INSTITUTION)
COIMBATORE – 641049
WWW.DRSNSRCAS.AC.IN

DISTRIBUTED
SYSTEMS
Presentation by
Dr.NC SACHITHANANTHAM
Assistant Professor
Department of Information Technology
[email protected]
Department of

IT
Information
Technology
CONTENT

 What is a Distributed System


 Types of Distributed Systems

 Examples of Distributed Systems

 Common Characteristics

 Conclusion

2
1. WHAT IS A DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM?

Definition: A distributed system is one in which


components located at networked computers
communicate and coordinate their actions only by
passing messages. This definition leads to the
following characteristics of distributed systems:

 Concurrency of components
 Lack of a global ‘clock’
 Independent failures of components
3
2. TYPES OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS

 Distributed Computing Systems.


 Distributed Information Systems.

 Distributed Pervasive Systems.

Distributed Computing Systems: The


distributed computing systems include the
following:
 Cluster computing systems

 Grid computing systems


4
Distributed Informative Systems: In the
distributed systems, the following forms are
concentrated:
 Transaction processing systems

 Enterprise application integration

Distributed Pervasive Systems: Few examples


of distributed pervasive systems are as below:
 Home systems

 Electronic health care systems

 Sensor networks

5
3. EXAMPLES OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS

 Local Area Network and Intranet


 Database Management System
 Automatic Teller Machine Network
 Internet/World-Wide Web
 Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing

6
3.1 LOCAL AREA NETWORK
email server Desktop
computers
print and other servers

Local area
Web server network

email server
print
File server
other servers
the rest of
the Internet
router/firewall
7
3.4.2 WEB SERVERS AND WEB
BROWSERS
http://www.google.comlsearch?q=lyu
www.google.com

Browsers
Web servers

www.uu.se Internet
http://www.uu.se/

www.w3c.org

File system of http://www.w3c.org/Protocols/Activity.html


www.w3c.org Protocols

Activity.html
8
3.5 MOBILE AND UBIQUITOUS
COMPUTING

Internet

Host intranet GSM/GPRS


Wireless LAN gateway Home intranet

Mobile
phone
Printer Laptop
Camera Host site
9
4. COMMON CHARACTERISTICS

 What are we trying to achieve when we construct a


distributed system?
 Certain common characteristics can be used to assess
distributed systems
 Heterogeneity
 Openness
 Security
 Scalability
 Failure Handling
 Concurrency
 Transparency

10
4.1 HETEROGENEITY
 Variety and differences in
 Networks
 Computer hardware
 Operating systems
 Programming languages
 Implementations by different developers
 Middleware as software layers to provide a programming
abstraction as well as masking the heterogeneity of the
underlying networks, hardware, OS, and programming
languages (e.g., CORBA).
 Mobile Code to refer to code that can be sent from one
computer to another and run at the destination (e.g., Java
applets and Java virtual machine).
11
4.2 OPENNESS
 Openness is concerned with extensions and
improvements of distributed systems.
 Detailed interfaces of components need to be

published.
 New components have to be integrated with

existing components.
 Differences in data representation of interface

types on different processors (of different


vendors) have to be resolved.

12
4.3 SECURITY
 In a distributed system, clients send requests to
access data managed by servers, resources in
the networks:
 Doctors requesting records from hospitals
 Users purchase products through electronic commerce
 Security is required for:
 Concealing the contents of messages: security and
privacy
 Identifying a remote user or other agent correctly
(authentication)
 New challenges:
 Denial of service attack
 Security of mobile code
13
4.4 SCALABILITY
 Adaptation of distributed systems to
 accommodate more users
 respond faster (this is the hard one)

 Usually done by adding more and/or faster


processors.
 Components should not need to be changed
when scale of a system increases.
 Design components to be scalable!

14
4.5 FAILURE HANDLING (FAULT
TOLERANCE)

 Hardware, software and networks fail!


 Distributed systems must maintain availability
even at low levels of hardware/software/network
reliability.
 Fault tolerance is achieved by
 recovery
 redundancy

15
4.6 CONCURRENCY
 Components in distributed systems are executed
in concurrent processes.
 Components access and update shared resources

(e.g. variables, databases, device drivers).


 Integrity of the system may be violated if

concurrent updates are not coordinated.


 Lostupdates
 Inconsistent analysis

16
4.7 TRANSPARENCY
 Distributed systems should be perceived by users
and application programmers as a whole rather
than as a collection of cooperating components.
 Transparency has different aspects.
 These represent various properties that
distributed systems should have.

17
THANK YOU

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