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5 views19 pages

CSC 101

Uploaded by

everexxt16
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE

CSC 101

DR. OGBAGA, IGNATIUS


OUTLINE
Components of a computer system

hardware and software, their


differences and similarities

Input and Output devices,

Functional Units of the computer


system, and their physical identification
Components of a computer system

The computer is made up of two major components:


1. The hardware and
2. The software
1. Hardware represents the physical and tangible
components of a computer, i.e. the components that
can be seen and touched.

2. The components of the computer hardware are divided


into Internal and peripheral components
The software Components of a computer system

Software is a set of programs, which is designed


to perform a well-defined function.

A program is a sequence of instructions written to


solve a particular problem

There are two major software components of the Computer System:


1. The system software and
2. The application software
The System software Components of a computer system

• System software runs and functions internally with application software and hardware.
• It works as a linking interface between a hardware device and the end-user.
• System software runs in the background and manages all functioning of the computer itself.
• System software helps to generate the user interface and allows the operating system to interact with
the computer hardware.
Examples of system software
1.Operating System
2.Programming Language
Translators
3.Device Drivers
4.Firmware Software
5.Utility Software
Features of System Software
• It is very difficult to design system software.
• System software is responsible for directly connecting the computer with
hardware that enables the computer to function
• It is very difficult to manipulate
• It is smaller in size.
• System Software is difficult to understand.
• It is usually written in a low-level language.
• It determines the functionalities of every given system
The Application Software Component

• They are the application programs we apply


in solving our daily problems in our various
fields of endeavours.
• Examples:
• Features:
The Features of Application Software
Features of the application software are as follows −
1. They are closer to the user
2. They are easy to design
3. They are more interactive
4. They operate at a slower speed
5. They are generally written in a high-level language
6. They are easy to understand
7. They are easy to manipulate and use
8. They are bigger in size and require large storage space
Similarities between Hardware and Software

• Hardware and software are mutually dependent on


each other. Both of them must work together to
make a computer produce a useful output.
• Software cannot be utilized without supporting
hardware.
• Hardware without a set of programs to operate upon
cannot be utilized and is useless.
• If the hardware is the 'heart' of a computer system,
then the software is its 'soul'. Both are
complementary to each other.
Differences between Hardware and Software

• Hardware is tangible whereas software is intangible; i.e, it


can’t be touched
• Hardware is a one-off expense whereas software is a
continuous expense
• Hardware is rigid whereas software is flexible
• Hardware is measured by quantity whereas software is
measured by quality
I/O Devices
• I/O (input/output), pronounced "eye-oh," describes any operation, program or device that
transfers data to or from a computer.
Output Devices
Input Devices Output Devices are the devices that
Input devices are the devices that are used to show us the result of processed data
send signals to the computer for performing after giving the input to a computer
tasks. The receiver at the end is the CPU system. Output can be of many different
(Central Processing Unit), which works to send forms like
signals to the output devices. Some of the 1. Image
classifications of Input devices are: 2. graphic audio,
1. Keyboard Devices 3. video, etc
2. Pointing Devices
3. Composite Devices
4. Game Controller
5. Visual Devices
6. Audio Input Devices
Some I/O Devices
Comparison of I/O Devices
FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF THE COMPUTER

A computer consists of five functionally independent


main parts input, memory, arithmetic logic unit (ALU),
output and control unit.
Computer Components Identifications
Computer Components Identifications
Computer Components Identifications

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