“Various Networking Devices with

their application”
 Introduction

In our project, we are going to explain the concept of

networking devices, what are the various types of networking
devices, what are the uses of networking devices.
 What is a networking device?
Network devices are physical devices that allow hardware on a
computer network to interact and communicate with one another. You
can quickly, safely, and accurately transfer data over one or more
networks with the help of network devices. Network devices are also
referred to as hardware and networking hardware. Some common
examples of network devices in computer networks are hub, router,
switch, gateway, etc.
Types of Networking devices
 Repeater
 Routers
 Switch
 Hubs
 Bridge
 Gateway
 Brouter
 Network Interface Card (NIC)
 Modem
1) Repeater
A repeater operates at the physical layer. Its job is to regenerate the
signal over the same network before the signal becomes too weak or
corrupted to extend the length to which the signal can be transmitted
over the same network. An important point to be noted about repeaters
is that they do not amplify the signal. When the signal becomes weak,
they copy it bit by bit and regenerate it at its star topology connectors
connecting if original strength. It is a 2-port device.
2) Router
A router is a device like a switch that routes data packets based on
their IP addresses. The router is mainly a Network Layer device.
Routers normally connect LANs and WANs and have a dynamically
updating routing table based on which they make decisions on routing
the data packets. The router divides the broadcast domains of hosts
connected through it.
3) Switch
A switch is a multiport bridge with a buffer and a design that can boost
its efficiency(a large number of ports imply less traffic) and
performance. A switch is a data link layer device. The switch can
perform error checking before forwarding data, which makes it very
efficient as it does not forward packets that have errors and forward good
packets selectively to the correct port only. In other words, the switch
divides the collision domain of hosts, but the broadcast domain remains
the same.
4) Hubs
A hub is a basically multi-port repeater. A hub connects multiple wires
coming from different branches, for example, the connector in star
topology which connects different stations. Hubs cannot filter data, so
data packets are sent to all connected devices. In other words,
the collision domain of all hosts connected through Hub remains one.
Also, they do not have the intelligence to find out the best path for data
packets which leads to inefficiencies and wastage.
Types of Hubs
Active Hub
These are the hubs that have their power supply and can
clean, boost, and relay the signal along with the network. It
serves both as a repeater as well as a wiring center. These
are used to extend the maximum distance between nodes.

Passive Hub
These are the hubs that collect wiring from nodes and
power supply from the active hub. These hubs relay signals
onto the network without cleaning and boosting them and
can’t be used to extend the distance between nodes.
Intelligent Hub
It works like an active hub and includes remote
management capabilities. They also provide flexible data
rates to network devices. It also enables an administrator to
monitor the traffic passing through the hub and to configure
each port in the hub.
5) Bridge
A bridge operates at the data link layer. A bridge is a repeater, with add
on the functionality of filtering content by reading the MAC addresses of
the source and destination. It is also used for interconnecting two LANs
working on the same protocol. It has a single input and single output
port, thus making it a 2 port device.
Types of Bridge
Transparent Bridges
These are the bridge in which the stations are completely
unaware of the bridge’s existence i.e. whether or not a bridge is
added or deleted from the network, reconfiguration of the
stations is unnecessary. These bridges make use of two
processes i.e. bridge forwarding and bridge learning.

Source Routing Bridges

In these bridges, routing operation is performed by the source
station and the frame specifies which route to follow. The host
can discover the frame by sending a special frame called the
discovery frame, which spreads through the entire network
using all possible paths to the destination.
6) Gateway
A gateway, as the name suggests, is a passage to connect two networks
that may work upon different networking models. They work as
messenger agents that take data from one system, interpret it, and
transfer it to another system. Gateways are also called protocol
converters and can operate at any network layer. Gateways are generally
more complex than switches or routers. A gateway is also called a
protocol converter.
7) Brouter
It is also known as the bridging router is a device that combines features
of both bridge and router. It can work either at the data link layer or a
network layer. Working as a router, it is capable of routing packets across
networks and working as the bridge, it is capable of filtering local area
network traffic.
8) Network Interface Card (NIC)
NIC or network interface card is a network adapter that is used to
connect the computer to the network. It is installed in the computer to
establish a LAN. It has a unique id that is written on the chip, and it has
a connector to connect the cable to it. The cable acts as an interface
between the computer and the router or modem. NIC card is a layer 2
device which means that it works on both the physical and data link
layers of the network model.
9) Modem
In regards to networking (network devices modem), a modem is a piece of
hardware that enables a computer to transmit and receive data over
telephone lines. In a nutshell, a modem is a piece of hardware that connects
a computer or router to a broadband network.When a signal is sent, the
device converts digital data to an analog audio signal and sends it over a
phone line. Similarly, when an analog signal is received, it is converted
back to a digital signal by the modem.
Thank You