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UNIT-IV Lect-5

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19 views9 pages

UNIT-IV Lect-5

Uploaded by

nakhatebhavana
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MIT Art Design and Technology University

MIT School of Computing, Pune


Department of ASH (Mathematics)

Mathematical Foundation for Computing-I

Class - F.Y. (SEM-I)

Unit - IV Graph Theory

AY 2024-2025 SEM-I
Lecture-05-: Hamiltonian Graphs
• Contents
• Hamiltonian Path
• Hamiltonian Circuit
• Hamiltonian Graph
• Examples
• Home Assignment
Hamiltonian Path, Hamiltonian Trail or Hamiltonian Walk:
• If there exists a walk in the connected graph that visits every
vertex of the graph exactly once without repeating the edges,
then such a walk is called as a Hamiltonian path.
• If there exists a Path in the connected graph that contains all the
vertices of the graph, then such a path is called as a Hamiltonian
path.
• In Hamiltonian path, all the edges may or may not be covered
but edges must not repeat.
Hamiltonian Circuit, Hamiltonian Cycle or Hamiltonian Tour:
• If there exists a walk in the connected graph that visits every vertex of
the graph exactly once (except starting vertex) without repeating the
edges and returns to the starting vertex, then such a walk is called as
a Hamiltonian circuit.
• If there exists a Cycle in the connected graph that contains all the
vertices of the graph, then that cycle is called as a Hamiltonian circuit.
• A Hamiltonian path which starts and ends at the same vertex is called
as a Hamiltonian circuit.
• A closed Hamiltonian path is called
as a Hamiltonian circuit.
Some Important points:
• Any Hamiltonian circuit can be converted to a Hamiltonian path by
removing one of its edges.
• Every graph that contains a Hamiltonian circuit also contains a
Hamiltonian path but vice versa is not true.
• There may exist more than one Hamiltonian paths and Hamiltonian
circuits in a graph.
• Euler’s circuit contains each edge of the graph exactly once.
• In a Hamiltonian cycle, some edges of the graph can be skipped.
• A simple graph with n vertices (where n > 2) is Hamiltonian if the sum
of the degrees of every pair of non-adjacent vertices is at least n.
• A simple graph with n vertices (where n > 2) is Hamiltonian if the
degree of every vertex is at least n/2.
Theorem: Let G be a simple connected graph on ‘n’ vertices. If the
sum of the degree for each pair of vertices in G is (n-1) or large,
then there exists a Hamiltonian Path in G.
Dirac’s Theorem (1952): Let G be a simple connected graph on
‘n’ vertices and if the degree of each vertex is greater than or equal
to n/2, then G will contain a Hamiltonian circuit.
Theorem : Let G be a simple connected graph. If G has a
Hamiltonian circuit, then for every proper nonempty subset S of
V(G), the components in the graph (G-S) is less than or equal to the
number of vertices in S.
Hamiltonian Closure: The Hamiltonian closure of a graph G is
the graph with vertex V obtained from G by iteratively adding
edges joining pairs of nonadjacent vertices whose degree sum is
at least n, until no such pair remains.
Example:

Bondy-Chvata’s Theorem (1976): A simple n-vertex graph is


Hamiltonian if and only if its closure is Hamiltonian.
More Examples:
• Determine whether the given graph has a Hamiltonian circuit. If it
does, find such a circuit. If it does not, give an argument to show
why no such circuit exists. Does it have a Hamiltonian path? If so,
find such a path. If it does not, give an argument to show why no
such path exists:
Thank you

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