CONTENT-1

CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 TYPES OF GASES
 IMPORTANCE OF GAS TESTING
 INSTRUMENT USED IN GAS TESTINGS
 DEGREE OF GASSINESS
INTRODUCTION
 Gas testing is an essential part of underground
mining to ensure the safety of workers, protect
equipment, and prevent environmental hazards.
 Gases like methane, carbon monoxide, and

hydrogen sulfide can be toxic, flammable, or
explosive, and can accumulate to dangerous levels
without proper monitoring.
 Gas testing is a critical component of underground

coal mining safety, and its effectiveness is crucial
for preventing accidents.
TYPES OF GASES
 Methane (CH4)
 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
 Carbon monoxide (CO)
 Nitrogen (N2, NO, NO2, )
 Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
 Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
 Hydrogen (H2)
 Oxygen((O2)
 Ammnoia (NH3)
GENERALLY GASES WHICH ARE
OCCURS
 Blackdamp - It is a mechanical mixture of the extinctive gases,
e. g. CO₂ and excess N₂. CO₂ may vary from 5-18% and rest is N₂.
Sometimes it is referred to as chokedamp or stythe
 Firedamp - It is a mechanical mixture of inflammable gases

emitted naturally from coal strata – mostly methane (CH4).
Firedamp sometimes used synonymously with methane
 Whitedamp - Mixture of CO and air. When a person dies his face

becomes white and got its name as white damp. It is used
synonymous with CO.
 Stinkdamp Mixture - of H2S and air. It is synonymous with

sulphuretted hydrogen, H₂S (Hydrogen sulphide)
 Afterdamp - A mechanical mixture of gases existing in a mine

after an explosion of firedamp or coal dust. Its composition is
extremely variable but usually includes CO, CO₂, N₂ and sometimes
H₂S, and SO₂ with very small percentage of O₂.
IMPORTANCE OF GASES
Gases are important in underground mining for a
number of reasons, including:
 Safety
Gases can be toxic, flammable, or explosive, and can build up
in underground spaces. Gases like methane and carbon
monoxide can be dangerous in mines, and can cause health
hazards and even death.
 Ventilation
Fresh air from the surface is used to dilute methane and
reduce the risk of explosion.
 Inert environments
Inert environments can be created by adding gases like
nitrogen or carbon dioxide to reduce the amount of
oxygen. This is important because there is a high risk of
explosions during mining excavations.
FLAME SAFETY LAMP
 It work on principleof wire gauze .

 J.k dey & son introduce flame
safety lamp by trade name
VELOX.
 GL 50 is permitted by DGMS for
gas testing in degree I & II mine
gassy in coal mines
 GL 60 is permitted for all gassy
mines .
Uses/Applicability
To detect the presence of methane

ch4
To delect the presence of blackdamp
To knowe the difficiency of oxygen
Components of fsl
Bonet, wire gauze,glass asbestos
ring, pillar,fuel tank,
 Flame safety lamp gives a good warning
againist oxygen deficiency in air.
 For each 1% oxygen deficiency from the
normal concentration the light output
decreases by (30%)
 Below 17%-17.5% Oxygen, the lamp will
be extinguished.
 In Accumulation test spiring (or)
jumping of flame gives the positive
response indicating an accumulation of
gas not less than 3%
 If accumulation test shows positive
response then it is not wise to go for
more precise PERCENTAGE test.
TEST FOR METHANE IS
USUALLY DONE IN TWO
STAGES.
ACCUMULATION TEST - This test gives better indication
of methane.It is carried out with a luminous flame of standard of
height.
This is because luminous flame test produces more heat inside
the lamp which causes better lamp ventilation resulting in a
larger quantity of methane being drawn inside the lamp
For carrying out accumulation test it is not necessary to create a
dark surrounding.
The test carried out indicates that the flame spires/jump., if the
percentage of methane in the air is 3% or more.
PERCENTAGE TEST
This test is also called cap testThe surrounding is made dark,
before carrying out this testThis test is carried out with a reduced
flame.
INSTRUMENT USED IN GAS
TESTINGS
 D6
(msa)METHANOMETER
 Multigas detector
 Laal munia bird (CO)
 BMI methane monitor
MSA METHANOMETER
 A methanometer is an instrument used
to measure methane gas in the air of a
mine.
 The
Mine Safety Appliances Company Ltd.
manufactured the first type - W8
Methanometer around 1950 and it was
approved for use by the Ventilation
Regulations of 1947.
 The Methanometer could be powered by
an Edison battery cap lamp and it could
be carried on a miner's belt with other
tools.
MULTIGAS DETECTOR
 A multi gas detector is a portable device
designed to detect multiple gases
simultaneously. A portable gas detector is
usually the last line of defence to alerting
operators of dangerous gas leaks.
 The most common sensor configuration for a

multi gas detector is carbon monoxide,
hydrogen sulphide, flammable (infrared or
pellistor) and oxygen found in the SENKO MGT
. This configuration is commonly used for
confined space entry such as in the sewer
industry, water treatment or tank cleaning.
LAAL MUNIA BIRD
The Lal Munia bird, also known as the Red Munia

(Amandava amandava), has been found to have a
unique ability to detect gases, particularly carbon
dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4)
Here are some interesting facts about the Lal Munia

bird's gas detection abilities:
1.CO2 detection: Researchers have discovered that

the Lal Munia bird can detect CO2 levels as low as 500
ppm (parts per million)
2. Methane detection: The bird can also detect

methane levels as low as 100 ppm
3. Behavioral response: When the bird detects

high levels of CO2 or methane, it exhibits a behavioral
response, such as avoidance or alarm calls.
.
DEGREE OF GASINESS
Degree I
The percentage of methane in the air is less than 0.1%, and the rate of
methane emission is less than 1 cubic meter per tonne of coal produced
Degree II
The percentage of methane in the air is more than 0.1%, or the rate of
methane emission is between 1 and 10 cubic meters per tonne of coal
produced
Degree III
The rate of methane emission is more than 10 cubic meters per tonne of
coal produced

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CONTENT

 Gases like methane, carbon monoxide, and

 Gas testing is a critical component of underground

 Firedamp - It is a mechanical mixture of inflammable gases

 Whitedamp - Mixture of CO and air. When a person dies his face

 Stinkdamp Mixture - of H2S and air. It is synonymous with

 Afterdamp - A mechanical mixture of gases existing in a mine

 It work on principleof wire gauze .

To detect the presence of methane

 The most common sensor configuration for a

The Lal Munia bird, also known as the Red Munia

Here are some interesting facts about the Lal Munia

1.CO2 detection: Researchers have discovered that

2. Methane detection: The bird can also detect

3. Behavioral response: When the bird detects

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