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Computer science project

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14 views

Computer science project

Uploaded by

leulemesfin364
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer science

project
Made by: leule
arsema
abigiya
yafet
atronos
Introduction to Data
Storage
• Definition: Data storage refers
to the process of saving digital
data to physical or cloud-based
devices for access and retrieval.
• Types of Data Storage:Primary
Storage (RAM)
• Secondary Storage (HDD, SSD)
• Tertiary Storage (Optical discs,
Tape Drives)
• Purpose: Store files and data
persistently.
Data Storage
Devices
• Hard Disk Drives (HDD):
Magnetic storage for large
amounts of data.
• Solid-State Drives (SSD):
Faster, more durable than
HDDs.
• Cloud Storage: Remote data
storage accessible over the
internet.
• Optical Storage: CDs, DVDs.
• USB Flash Drives & SD
Cards: Portable and
convenient.
Measurement of
Data Storage
• Units of Data Storage:Bit
(b): Smallest unit of data.
• Byte (B): 1 byte = 8 bits.
• Kilobyte (KB) = 1,024 bytes
• Megabyte (MB) = 1,024 KB
• Gigabyte (GB) = 1,024 MB
• Terabyte (TB) = 1,024 GB
• Petabyte (PB) = 1,024 TB
• Note: Computer systems
usually use binary system
(base 2), so units are
measured as powers of 2 (1024
rather than 1000).
Calculation of File
Size
• Formula:
– File Size (in bytes) =
Number of characters × size
of each character
– Example: A text file with 1000
characters, each being 1 byte =
1000 bytes or 1 KB.
• For Images, Audio, and Video:
– Image: File size = Width ×
Height × Color Depth
– Audio: File size = Sample Rate
× Bit Depth × Channels ×
Duration
– Video: File size = Bitrate ×
Duration
File Size
Example: Text
File
• Example:
– A file with 500 characters
and ASCII encoding (1 byte
per character).
– File size = 500 bytes (0.5
KB)
• Calculating in KB, MB, GB:
– 1 KB = 1024 bytes
– 1 MB = 1024 KB
– 1 GB = 1024 MB
Introduction to
File Compression
• Definition: File compression
reduces the size of files for
storage efficiency or faster
transmission.Types of
Compression:Lossless
Compression: No data loss
(e.g., ZIP, PNG, FLAC).
• Loss y Compression: Some
data is lost for smaller file size
(e.g., JPEG, MP3, MP4).
• Why Compress?Save disk
space.
• Faster file transfers.
• Efficient storage in cloud
systems.
Compression
Algorithms
• Lossless Compression
Algorithms:
– Huffman Coding
– Lempel-Ziv-Welch
(LZW)
– Deflate (used in ZIP
files)
• Lossy Compression
Algorithms:
– JPEG (for images)
– MP3 (for audio)
– H.264 (for video)
Compression
Ratio
• Definition: The ratio of the
original file size to the
compressed file
size.Formula:
Compression Ratio=Original F
ile SizeCompressed File Size\
text{Compression Ratio} = \
frac{\text{Original File
Size}}{\text{Compressed
File
Size}}Compression Ratio=Co
mpressed File SizeOriginal Fil
e Size​Example:Original file
size = 100 MB
Benefits of File
Compression
• Storage Efficiency:
More data can be stored
in less space.
• Faster Transmission:
Smaller file sizes mean
quicker
uploads/downloads.
• Cost Savings: Reduced
storage and bandwidth
usage.
Compression
Example: Image File

• Original File:
– Image resolution: 4000 x
3000 pixels
– Color depth: 24-bit (3 bytes
per pixel)
– File size = 4000 × 3000 × 3
bytes = 36,000,000 bytes
(~34.3 MB).
• After Compression (JPEG):
– File size = 5 MB
(Compression ratio ~6.86:1).
• Trade-off: Lossy compression
results in smaller files but may
reduce image quality.
Real-World Applications
of Data Compression

Media Streaming: MP3


audio, MP4 video (Spotify,
Netflix).Web
Performance: Websites
use compressed images
and files (e.g., JPEG, GZIP)
to reduce load
times.Cloud Storage:
Files are compressed
before being uploaded to
save space and
bandwidth
Summary
• Key Takeaways:Data storage
involves saving digital data in
various devices.
• File size calculation depends
on file type and encoding.
• Compression reduces file size
for efficient storage and faster
transfer.
• Compression can be lossless
or lossy, depending on the
type and need.
• Further Reading: Explore
compression algorithms in
detail or study more on
storage technologies like SSDs
and cloud storage.
Group members
1. leule.M
2. Abigiya
3. arsema
lemlem
4. yafet adiss
5. atronos
shewakena
•

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