Arrays

Introduction to
Data Structures

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Introduction to Data Structure

o So far, we have talked about variables that can store different

data types
 These variables can hold only one value at a time

o As we go deeper in programming, we will need a more

sophisticated data structure
 The array

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Consider this . . .

o You are tasked to store 100 student’s grade for it to be

accessed later.
 Although it is possible to declare all 100 different variables, but it
is not efficient
 What if we scale up to 1000 students grade?

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Having a 100 variables declared . . .

o Your program will look like this

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 Arrays

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Array

o Allows us to store multiple data with the same data type

in a single array variable

o By definition, an array is fixed-size sequential collection of data

/ elements of the same type.

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Array

o has consecutive memory locations known as elements

o the length (or size) of an array is determined by the number of elements

o the elements are accessed based on its position

 the position is determined by the index (also known as subscript, starts at 0)

o Be careful of using subscripts,

 C has no checks to see if the subscripts you use exceeds the array size

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 Declaration

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Declaring Arrays

o Example:

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Storing and Accessing element of an Array

o Storing and Accessing data in an array makes use of the array

index.

o Example: Store 10 at the first position of the array

 Note: The array index always starts at 0. Also, if we want to assign value at the
last element of the number array, we do

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Storing and Accessing element of an Array

o Example: Accessing, in this case printing, the value of the first

element we stored.

o The above code will give us the value stored at index 0, which
is the first element of our array.

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Storing and Accessing multiple elements in an Array

o To store or access multiple elements in an Array, we will use

loops.

o The next slide shows us how to store 5 values in an array using

a for loop.

o The next next slide shows us how to store and then print the 5
values we stored in our array

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Storing multiple elements in an Array

Value 0 1 2 3 4
Index 78 12 85 96 23

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Storing multiple elements in an Array

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 Initialization

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Initializing an Array

o You can initialize array with or without size

 With array size

 Without array size

• The compiler automatically assigns the size according to the number of elements
you initialized.

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Initializing and Printing Array Sample Code

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 The sizeof()

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sizeof()

o The sizeof()
 returns the size, in bytes, of a variable or data type

o The following are the byte size of each data type

 char = 1 byte

 int = 4 bytes

 float = 4 bytes

 double = 8 bytes

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Printing the sizes of each data type

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Using sizeof() to determine the size of the array

o We can use the sizeof() method to display the

 byte size of an array

 array size

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Displaying the byte size of an array

An integer is 4 bytes, we have 5 integer values stored in the array, thus we

have 20 bytes in total.

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Displaying the length or array size

We first get the byte size of an element from the array, preferably the first one,
and divide it to the total byte size, giving us 5.

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Strings in C

o C does not support strings as a data type

 A string is a series of character
◦ Example: “Hello”, “Programming”, “programming101”

o To store strings in C, we use a word

 A word is an array of characters

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Declaring and assigning value to a character
array

o In declaring an array character, always add 1 to the size of the array

 If you want to store a string with a length of 5 characters, the size of your
array should be 6;
 The extra space is for the terminating character ( ‘\0’ )

 The terminating character signifies the end of the string

o You may or may not explicitly put the terminating character.

 The compiler automatically appends it at the end of your character array

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Declaring and assigning value to a character
array

Here, we explicitly
wrote the terminating
character

Here, we omitted it
and let the compiler do
the job.

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Accessing values from a character array

What could have

happened if I didn’t add
one more space for the
terminator?

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Initializing a character array

o First method:
o No Array size, required terminating character at the end

o With Array size, not required terminating character at the end

Pwede ni

Pwede pd ni

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Initializing a character array

o Second method:

o This method can only be used in initialization. We cannot use it to

assign a string in a previously declared array.

We cannot do this
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 Types of Array
ONE DIMENSIONAL ARRAY
MULTI - DIMENSIONAL ARRAY

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One Dimensional Arrays

o So far, what we’ve done are One Dimensional Array

o In a one dimensional array, the elements are accessed by a

single index.

o You can say the array is one dimensional if

 It has only one pair of brackets( [ ] ) upon declaration / initialization

 The elements are accessed using one index.

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One Dimensional Arrays

o You can say the array is one dimensional if

 It has only one pair of brackets( [ ] ) upon declaration / initialization

 The elements are accessed using one index.

o A one dimensional array can be represented by a single row of

cells / columns 12 34 43 65 10
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0 1 2
0 3 4
Multi - Dimensional Arrays

o Array elements are accessed with two or more indices.

 If you have a two dimensional array, you need two indices.

 If you have a three dimensional array, you need three indices

 and so on.

o In this topic, we’ll focus on two dimensional arrays.

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Two Dimensional Arrays

o Two indices are used to access an array element.

o Think of it as a grid (or matrix) of numbers arranged row and

(1, 2)
0 1 2
column wise.
0
oOn the right is a two dimensional array
1
rows
 A 3 x 3 array
2
◦ 3 rows and 3 columns

columns
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Declaring a two dimensional array

o In declaring a two dimensional array, you need to specify the

number of row and columns
 Below example is declaring an integer array named my2darray having 3

rows and 5 columns

0 1 2 3 4
rows columns

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Assigning value to elements of a 2D array

o Let’s say, you want to put the value 35 in the green cell
0 1 2 3 4

1 3
2
5

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Accessing elements of a 2D array

o Let’s say, you want to print the value 35.

0 1 2 3 4

1 3
2
5
7
5
o How about 75?

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Initializing a two dimensional array

o Let’s say, we want to initialize our array with the following

values in the right matrix
0 1 2 3 4

0
1 2 4 1 8
2 3 5 0 9
1
1 6 3 1 9
2
3 7 5 4 8
8 1 2 7 1
0 8 0 5
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Assigning values to a 2D array using a loop

o Let’s say, we want to set the value of each element in our 2D

array to Zero using a loop.
0 1 2 3 4

0
0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0

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