McGraw-Hill Technology Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

All
McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All
 Chapter 1A

Introducing Computer
Systems

McGraw-Hill Technology Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All

 The Computer Defined
• Electronic device
• Converts data into information
• Modern computers are digital
– Two digits combine to make data
• Older computers were analog
– A range of values made data

1A-3
 Computers For Individual Use
• Desktop computers
– The most common type of computer
– Sits on the desk or floor
– Performs a variety of tasks
• Workstations
– Specialized computers
– Optimized for science or graphics
– More powerful than a desktop

1A-4
 Computers For Individual Use
• Notebook computers
– Small portable computers
– Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds
– About 8 ½ by 11 inches
– Typically as powerful as a desktop
– Can include a docking station

1A-5
 Computers For Individual Use
• Tablet computers
– Newest development
in portable
computers
– Input is through
a pen
– Run specialized
versions of office
products

1A-6
 Computers For Individual Use
• Handheld computers
– Very small computers
– Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
– Note taking or contact management
– Data can synchronize with a desktop
• Smart phones
– Hybrid of cell phone and PDA
– Web surfing, e-mail access

1A-7
 Computers For Organizations
• Network servers
– Centralized computer
– All other computers connect
– Provides access to network resources
– Multiple servers are called server farms
– Often simply a powerful desktop

1A-8
 Computers For Organizations
• Mainframes
– Used in large
organizations
– Handle thousands
of users
– Users access
through a terminal

1A-9
 Computers For Organizations
• Minicomputers
– Called midrange computers
– Power between mainframe and desktop
– Handle hundreds of users
– Used in smaller organizations
– Users access through a terminal

1A-10
 Computers For Organizations
• Supercomputers
– The most powerful
computers made
– Handle large and
complex calculations
– Process trillions of
operations per
second
– Found in research
organizations

1A-11
 Computers In Society
• More impact than any other invention
– Changed work and leisure activities
– Used by all demographic groups
• Computers are important because:
– Provide information to users
– Information is critical to our society
– Managing information is difficult

1A-12
 Computers In Society
• Computers at home
– Many homes have multiple computers
– Most American homes have Internet
– Computers are used for
• Business
• Entertainment
• Communication
• Education

1A-13
 Computers In Society
• Computers in education
– Computer literacy required at all levels
• Computers in small business
– Makes businesses more profitable
– Allows owners to manage
• Computers in industry
– Computers are used to design products
– Assembly lines are automated

1A-14
 Computers In Society
• Computers in government
– Necessary to track data for population
• Police officers
• Tax calculation and collection
– Governments were the first computer users

1A-15
 Computers In Society
• Computers in health care
– Revolutionized health care
– New treatments possible
– Scheduling of patients has improved
– Delivery of medicine is safer

1A-16
 Chapter 1B

Looking Inside the

Computer System

McGraw-Hill Technology Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All

 Parts of the Computer System
• Computer systems have four parts
– Hardware
– Software
– Data
– User

1B-18
 Parts of the Computer System
• Hardware
– Mechanical devices in the computer
– Anything that can be touched
• Software
– Tell the computer what to do
– Also called a program
– Thousands of programs exist

1B-19
 Parts of the Computer System
• Data
– Pieces of information
– Computer organize and present data
• Users
– People operating the computer
– Most important part
– Tell the computer what to do

1B-20
 Information Processing Cycle
• Steps followed to process data
• Input
• Processing
• Output
• Storage

1B-21
 Essential Computer Hardware
• Computers use the same basic
hardware
• Hardware categorized into four types

1B-22
 Essential Computer Hardware
• Processing devices
– Brains of the computer
– Carries out instructions from the program
– Manipulate the data
– Most computers have several processors
– Central Processing Unit (CPU)
– Secondary processors
– Processors made of silicon and copper

1B-23
 Essential Computer Hardware
• Memory devices
– Stores data or programs
– Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Volatile
• Stores current data and programs
• More RAM results in a faster system
– Read Only Memory (ROM)
• Permanent storage of programs
• Holds the computer boot directions

1B-24
 Essential Computer Hardware
• Input and output devices
– Allows the user to interact
– Input devices accept data
• Keyboard, mouse
– Output devices deliver data
• Monitor, printer, speaker
– Some devices are input and output
• Touch screens

1B-25
 Essential Computer Hardware
• Storage devices
– Hold data and programs permanently
– Different from RAM
– Magnetic storage
• Floppy and hard drive
• Uses a magnet to access data
– Optical storage
• CD and DVD drives
• Uses a laser to access data

1B-26
 Software Runs The Machine
• Tells the computer what to do
• Reason people purchase computers
• Two types
– System software
– Application software

1B-27
 Software Runs The Machine
• System software
– Most important software
– Operating system
• Windows XP
– Network operating system (OS)
• Windows Server 2003
– Utility
• Symantec AntiVirus

1B-28
 Software Runs The Machine
• Application software
– Accomplishes a specific task
– Most common type of software
• MS Word
– Covers most common uses of computers

1B-29
 Computer data
• Fact with no meaning on its own
• Stored using the binary number system
• Data can be organized into files

1B-30
 Computer users
• Role depends on ability
– Setup the system
– Install software
– Mange files
– Maintain the system
• “Userless” computers
– Run with no user input
– Automated systems

1B-31
 Chapter 1B

End of Chapter

McGraw-Hill Technology Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All