Output Devices

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Output Devices
 Processed data that becomes a useful information
is called output.
 Hardware components that used to receive
information from the computer is called output
devices.
Examples
• Monitors (Display devices)
• Plotter
• Printer
• Audio output devices
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Monitors
 Display screens were uncommon till 1960’s
 Now, computers can communicate information
to you in several ways
• Reading, watching and listening
 Modern display
• Display softcopy output
• computers are easier to use
• data is easier to manage, and
• information is easier to access

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Monitors
 Most common output device
 Connects to the video card, adapter or
controller
 Categorized by following features
• Size (PC’s 14-21 inches, measured
diagonally)
• Color (Monochrome, Color)
• Resolution(pixels or dots)
• Video adapter (VGA, SVGA,XGA)

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Video Cards
Create pictures ,videos on screen
Device between the CPU and monitor
Better cards result in better output
Determine resolution, No. of colors, speed

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Size of Monitor
Measured in inches
• PC’s 14-21, Laptops 11-16
Measured diagonally
Actual size
• Distance from corner to corner
As a rule of thumb, buy the largest monitor you
can afford.

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Colors
Monochrome
• Single color display (white, red, blue, Amber,
green)
• Various shades of one color
Color
• RGB display 256 colors
• Display 4 to 16 million colors

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Resolution
Refers to sharpness of image
Number of pixels on the screen
Higher number creates sharper images

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Video Adapter
Video Graphics Array (VGA)
• 320 X 200 pixels
Super video Graphic Array (SVGA)
• 800 X 600 pixels
Extended Graphic Array (XGA)
• 1024 X 768 pixels

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Types of Monitor
1. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
2. Flat-panel
• LCD
• LED
• Gas plasma

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Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)

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How CRT creates an image
Looks like a television
Electron gun shoots streams of
electrons towards the screen
coated the phosphors dots
inside.
Magnetic yoke guides the
streams of electrons across and
down the screen.
Phosphor dots on the back of
the screen glow when the
electron beams hit them.
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CRT Monitor

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CRT Color
Phosphor dots arranged in triads Red, green, and
blue dots
Three colors blend to make colors
Varying the intensity creates new colors
Exercise
• Custom color with MS Paint

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CRT Disadvantages
Very large

Very heavy

Use a lot of electricity

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Various Flat Panel Displays

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Flat Panel Displays
Take less space and lightweight
Two plates of glass that contain substance
Examples:
Notebook computers , desktop version

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Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
 Commonly found on laptops
 Desktop versions exist
 Solve the problems of CRT
 Two plates contain substance(liquid crystal)
 Molecules line up to allow or block light to create
an image

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Types of LCD
Passive Matrix LCD

Active Matrix LCD

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Passive Matrix LCD
Pixels arranged in a grid
Pixels are activated indirectly through
transistors
Row and column are activated
Disadvantages
Narrow viewing angle
Don’t refresh pixels quickly
• Animation can be blurry

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Active Matrix LCD
 Each pixel is activated directly by a transistor
• Turn on and off individually
 Pixels have 4 transistors
• One each for red, green, blue and
opaqueness
 Quick pixel refresh rate
 Animation is crisp and clean
 Wider view angle

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Disadvantages of LCD
 Image can be difficult to see in bright light
 Smaller viewing angle
• Must sit directly in front of screen(passive matrix)
 More expensive than CRT
 Can be more fragile than CRT

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Plasma Display Panel (PDP)
 Similar to neon bulb
 Use a gas that emit light in the presence of a
electric current
Advantages
• Better picture quality
• Wider viewing angles
Disadvantages
• Expensive
• Uses more electricity than LCDs

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Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
 Uses light-emitting diodes as a video display
 Longer life time
 Can be extremely slim, some screens less than
half an inch (0.92 cm) thick;[6]
 Produce less environmental pollution on
disposal
 Have typically 20 to 30% lower power
consumption
 Signals light, card head lights, bill boards

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Ergonomics and Monitors
Eyestrain
• Fatigue of the eyes
• Steps to avoid
• Choose a good monitor
• Place the monitor 2 – 3
feet away
• Center of screen below
eye level
• Avoid reflected light

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Sound Systems
Integral part of the computer experience
Capable of recording and playback

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Sound Cards
Device between the CPU and speakers
Converts digital sounds to analog
Can be connected to several devices

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Headphones and Headsets
Replacement for speakers
Offer privacy
Does not annoy other people
Outside noise is not a factor
Headsets have speakers and a microphone

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Printer
 External hardware device responsible for taking
computer data and generating hard copy of that data
like text, symbols, graphics on the paper.
Attributes:
• Dots per inch (DPI)
• Speed

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Types of Printer

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Impact Printer
Function similar to electronic typewriter
Have a mechanism that touches the paper to create
an image
Works by banging a print head containing a number
of metal pins which strike an inked ribbon placed
between the head and the paper.
Types
• Dot matrix printer
• Daisy wheel printer
• Line printer

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Dot matrix printer
Places dots and form an image
Tiny pins on a print head strike an inked ribbon that
create dots to form characters or graphics
9 or 24 pins
Speed is usually 30 -550 character per second (cps)
A typically Dot matrix output

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Advantages
 Inexpensive
 Energy efficient
Printing cost are the low
Disadvantages
 Noisy
 Low resolution
 Poor quality graphics output

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Daisy Wheel Printer
 Use daisy wheel
 Motor rotates the wheel, hammer strikes a petal
against ribbon when desired character reaches the
position on the paper
 Slower but better in quality
Don’t print graphics
Speed: 10-75 (cps)

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Line Printer
 Print an entire line at a time
 Speed is measured in line per minute (LPM)
 Print 300-3000 LPM
 Used by mainframe and microcomputers
 Fast speed

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Non-impact printer
• Do not touch the paper while creating an image
• Much quitter than impact printer as they don’t strike
the paper
• Use spray ink or heat and pressure
Types
• Laser printer
• Inkjet printer
• Thermal printer

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Laser printer
Stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiations
Work similar to photocopying machine
Use laser beams to burn special powder on page to
create a image. Powder contained in toner
Print complete page at a time (PPM)
Speed is 5-300 (PPM)
Prints in high quality resolution
Resolution 1200 or more (DPI)
Expensive
Used in business field 37
Inkjet printer
Print by spraying tiny dots of liquid ink on paper
Produced quality text/graphics in black-&-white
and color
Resolution 300 (DPI)
Speed 10-35 (PPM)
Inexpensive
Used as home & business
printer

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Thermal printer
Use heat to produce image on the paper
Expensive
Require high quality paper
Used to create high quality color printing
Speed : 20-30 PPM

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Uses of printer
Print shops
Home
Offices
Laboratory
Shopping
Business
Library

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Plotter
Produced high quality graphics in a variety of
colors
Used to create maps, architectural drawings, graphs
and charts
TYPES
1. Flatbed plotter
2. Drum plotter

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Flatbed plotter
• Pens create image on the paper
• Contain one or more pens of different colors and
width
• Paper placed on table like surface
• Software instruct the pens to move down on the
paper

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Drum plotter
• Uses a rotating drum or cylinder
• Pens mounted on drum , drum rotation moves the
pen left to right
• Length of plot unlimited
• Roll paper used for lengthy images
• Width of the images depend on the width of the
drum

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Recommended Websites
 http://www.lynda.com/resources/
hexpalette/hue.html
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_disp
lay
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED_display
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_card
 http://www.tech-faq.com/how-lcd-project
ors-work.html

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