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Basic Sentence Patterns (1)

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5 views

Basic Sentence Patterns (1)

Uploaded by

Yanuari Cristy, M. Pd.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Sentence Patterns

Dr. Hj. Zulhidah, M. Pd.


Identifying Subjects and Verbs

Key Concept:

A complete sentence requires a


subject and a verb; it also must
express a complete thought.
Subjects

A sentence must have a subject.


A subject is a noun
 A person, place or thing
 Ms. Jones
 Los Angeles Mission College
 Hat
 Or a pronoun
 A word that takes the place of a noun
 She/he/they
 It
Verbs
A sentence must also have a verb.
 There are 2 types of verbs:
 Action
Show movement
Examples: to sing, to joke, to run, to walk
 Linking
Linking verbs do not show action. Instead,
they convey existence, being, becoming, and
sometimes, one of the 5 senses. Linking
verbs connect the subject and the word after
the linking verb.
Examples: to be, to seem, to become
Identifying Subjects and Verbs
To identify the subject and verb in a
sentence, ask these questions:

 Whatis the action? What word links


two or more other words?
the verb

 Who or what is performing the action?


the subject
Practice

1. Barbara sang.

 What is the action?


Sang (verb – action)
 Who sang?
Barbara (subject)

2. The children were happy.

 What word joins the description to the subject?


Were (verb – linking)

 Who were happy?


Children (subject)
More Practice
Identify the subjects and verbs in the following sentences:

1. Terry laughs.
Subject = Terry
Verb = laughs (action)

2. Lady Gaga is famous.


Subject = Lady Gaga
Verb = is (links description to subject)
3. The dog barked.
Subject = the dog
Verb = barked (action)
4. Seth MacFarlane creates funny characters.
Subject = Seth MacFarlane
Verb = creates (action)
Simple and Compound Subjects
and Verbs

 A single subject is referred to as a simple


subject.
 A single verb is referred to as a simple verb.
Example:
The artist quickly drew the tourist’s caricature.

What is the action? Drew (one action = simple


verb)
Who drew? Artist (one actor = simple
subject)
Compound Subjects

A sentence may also contain a compound


subject: two or more stated nouns or pronouns
perform the same action.
Example:
Charles and the boys have gone to the movies.

What is the action? Have gone (one action = simple verb)


Who has gone? Charles + boys
(two stated actors = compound
subject)
Compound Verbs

A sentence may also contain a compound verb: the subject


performs two or more actions.

Example:
Jane frequently drinks, dances, and parties through the night.

What is (are) the action(s)? Drink, dance, + party


(3 actions = compound verb)

Who drinks, dances and parties? Jane (one stated actor = simple subject)
3 Possible Combinations

1. Compound Subject/Simple Verb:


In this case, two or more subjects perform
one action.
Example:
George and Frank went to Mexico.
Verb: went
Subject: George + Frank
3 Possible Combinations

2. Simple Subject/Compound Verb:


The simple subject of the sentence
performs two or more actions.
Example:
The audience booed and hissed at the
performer.
Verb:
booed + hissed
Subject:
The audience
3 Possible Combinations

3. Compound Subject/Compound Verb


This means that two or more subjects
perform two or more actions.
Example:
Greg, Peter, and Bobby danced and ate all
night.
Verb: danced + ate
Subject: Greg, Peter, + Bobby
Practice

Directions: Find the verbs and subjects. Indicate whether they


are simple or compound by writing S (for simple) or C (for
compound) beside the verbs and subjects.

S
C
1. Fords and Chevrolets are two makes of American cars.
C S
2. He and Martha took a vacation last spring.
S C
3. The clown juggled and sang.
C S
4. Whales and skates returned to the bay.
C S
5. Fred and Ethel visited the Ricardos every day.
Sentence Formats

Here is an example of a Format 1 sentence:

Birds sing.
The abbreviation for Sentence Format 1 is NS-
V. Birds
NS =sing
V =
Format 1 - Practice

Directions: Fill in the blanks with words that follow Sentence Format
1.
Children

1. _______________
Cats yell.
2. _______________
Dancers meow.
3. _______________
Swimmers dance.

4. _______________
practice swim.

5. Athletes _____________.
bark

6. Dogs ________________.
jog

7. blossom
Joggers ______________.
8. Flowers ______________.
Format 1 - Practice
Directions: Put a box around the subject and circle the verb.

1. The lamb cried loudly.


2. Every summer, Selina goes to day camp.
3. The class practiced for an hour every
week.
4. The price of gas just increased by 20
cents.
5. At night, hundreds of bats fly out of that
cave.
Format 2: The Direct Object
Example:
Harry hit the baseball.
Noun Subject = Harry
Verb = hit
What relationship does baseball have to hit?

Baseball is the Noun Direct Object (NDO) of


the verb.

Abbreviation for Sentence Format 2: NS-V-


NDO
Format 2: Practice
Directions: Label each sentence format. Identify
the subjects, verbs, and direct objects.

1. Children like ice-cream. NS-V-NDO

2. Mary cried. NS-V-NDO

3. The arrow struck a tree. NS-V

4. The dog crossed the road. NS-V-NDO

5. The speaker declined the invitation.


NS-V-NDO

6. The fullback caught the football. NS-V-NDO

7. The children jumped the fence. NS-V-NDO


Format 3: The Indirect Object
Example:
Hector threw me the ball.
Noun Subject: Hector
Verb: threw
Noun Direct Object: ball
ME?
The noun indirect object tells to whom the object
was thrown.
The abbreviation for Format 3 is: NS-V-NIO-NDO
Format 3: The Indirect Object

To test for indirect objects in a sentence, follow these


2 steps:

1. Rewrite the sentence in format 2 (NS-V-


NDO)

2. Add to or for plus the word in question to


the end of the sentence.
Format 3: The Indirect Object
Example: May gave me the book.

Let’s decide whether me is the NIO:

1. Rewrite the sentence to follow Format 2:


May gave the book. (NS-V-NDO)

2. Add to or for plus the word in question to the


end of the sentence:
May gave me the book. (May gave the book
to me?)
NS-V-NIO-NDO
Format 3: Practice
Directions: Label all subjects, verbs, indirect objects, and direct
objects.

1. Pablo awarded Henry the prize.

1. The boy bought the girl a flower.

2. I gave my friend an umbrella.

3. Sharon bought her father a sweater.

4. My English teacher gave me an A on my


test.

5. Hector fed the dog his dinner.


Thank you

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