Basic Switch/Router

Configuration
Basic Network Commands
Ping: Ping is used to testing a network host capacity to interact with
another host. Just enter the command Ping, followed by the target
host’s name or IP address. The ping utilities seem to be the most
common network tool. This is performed by using the Internet
Control Message Protocol, which allows the echo packet to be sent to
the destination host and a listening mechanism. If the destination host
reply to the requesting host, that means the host is reachable. This
utility usually gives a basic image of where there may be a specific
networking issue.
Basic Network Commands

Ipconfig: The command ipconfig will display basic details about the
device’s IP address configuration. Just type IP config in the Windows
prompt and the IP, subnet mask and default gateway that the current
device will be presented. If you have to see full information, then
type on command prompt config-all and then you will see full
information. There are also choices to assist you in resolving DNS
and DHCP issues.
Basic Network Commands
Hostname: To communicate with each and other, the computer
needs a unique address. A hostname can be alphabetic or
alphanumeric and contain specific symbols used specifically to define
a specific node or device in the network. For example, a hostname
should have a domain name (TLD) of the top-level and a distance
between one and 63 characters when used in a domain name system
(DNS) or on the Internet.
Hostname –a, -s, -I, -d
Basic Network Commands

Tracert: The tracert command is a Command Prompt command

which is used to get the network packet being sent and received and
the number of hops required for that packet to reach to target. This
command can also be referred to as a traceroute. It provides several
details about the path that a packet takes from the source to the
specified destination.
Switch
 Switches are networking devices operating at layer 2 or a data link layer of the OSI model.
They connect devices in a network and use packet switching to send, receive or forward data
packets or data frames over the network.
 A switch has many ports, to which computers are plugged in. When a data frame arrives at any
port of a network switch, it examines the destination address, performs necessary checks and
sends the frame to the corresponding device(s). It supports unicast, multicast as well as
broadcast communications.
 Switches are a common component of networks based on Ethernet, Fiber Channel,
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), and Infini Band, among others. In general, though, most
switches today use Ethernet.
Types of Switch
There are variety of switches that can be broadly categorized into 4 types :
 Unmanaged Switch − These are inexpensive switches commonly used in home networks and small
businesses. They can be set up by simply plugging in to the network, after which they instantly start
operating. When more devices needs to be added, more switches are simply added by this plug and play
method. They are referred to as unmanaged since they do not require to be configured or monitored.
 Managed Switch − These are costly switches that are used in organizations with large and complex
networks, since they can be customized to augment the functionalities of a standard switch. The
augmented features may be QoS (Quality of Service) like higher security levels, better precision control
and complete network management. Despite their cost, they are preferred in growing organizations due
to their scalability and flexibility. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is used for
configuring managed switches.
 LAN Switch − Local Area Network (LAN) switches connects devices in the internal LAN of an
organization. They are also referred as Ethernet switches or data switches. These switches are
particularly helpful in reducing network congestion. They allocate bandwidth in a manner so that there
is no overlapping of data packets in a network.
 PoE Switch − Power over Ethernet (PoE) switches are used in PoE Gogabit Ethernets. PoE technology
combine data and power transmission over the same cable so that devices connected to it can receive
 A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers
perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a
web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router
to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork (e.g. the Internet) until it
reaches its destination node.
 A router is an intelligent device and responsible for routing the data packets from source to
destination over a network. It also distributes or routes the internet connection from modem to all
the networking devices either wired or wireless, such as PC, Laptop, Mobile phone, tablet, etc.
 It mainly performs two functions;
 Creating and maintaining the local area network,
 Managing the entering & leaving data.
 The router connects multiple networks and allows the networked devices & users to access the
internet.
 It works on the network layer & route the data packets through the shortest path across the
network.
Types of Router: There are mainly two types of the router, which are given below:
 Wireless Router
 Wired Router/Broadband Router

Wireless routers
 Wireless routers are the most commonly used routers in offices and homes as they don't need any
wire or cable to connect with networking devices.
 It provides a secure connection, and only authenticated users can access the network using the id &
password.
 Using wireless router, internet can be accessed by the number of users within the specified range.

Wired Router/Broadband Router

 As its name suggests, it requires a wire or cable to connect to the network devices.
 Such routers are mostly used in schools or small offices to connect the PCs with the Ethernet cable.
 It also has a Wi-fi access point, and a mobile phone can be connected to it using the VOIP (Voice-
over-Internet Protocol) technology.
 SWITCH VS ROUTER
Switch Router
It connects multiple switches & their corresponding
It connects multiple networked devices in the network.
networks.
It works on the data link layer of the OSI model. It works on the network layer of the OSI model.
It is used within a LAN. It can be used in LAN or MAN.
A switch cannot perform NAT or Network Address
A router can perform Network Address Translation.
Translation.
The switch takes more time while making complicated A router can take a routing decision much faster
routing decisions. than a switch.
It provides security measures to protect the network
It provides only port security.
from security threats.
It comes in the category of semi-Intelligent devices. It is known as an Intelligent network device.
It sends information from one device to another in the form
It sends information from one network to another
of Frames (for L2 switch) and the form of packets (for L3
network in the form of data packets.
switch).
Routers can work with both wired & wireless
Switches can only work with the wired network.
networks.
It uses the CAM (Content Addressable Memory) table for It uses the routing table to get the best route for the
the source and destination MAC address. destination IP.
IOS Mode
 User exec mode: router> ping show enable
 Privileged exec mode: router# debug, reload, configure
 Global configuration mode: router (config)# Hostname, enable
secret, IP route, interface
 Specific configuration mode: router(config-if)# Configuration
changes to specific part of the router link lines and interfaces.
 ROMMON Mode: rommon1> From ROM monitor mode, you
can boot the devices or perform diagnostic tests
 Show command: show version, show interface, show flash

 Change executable mode to privileged mode: router> enable

(en)

 Change privileged mode to global configuration mode: Router#

configure terminal (con t)

 Change global configuration mode to specific interface mode:

router (config)# interface fastenternet 0/1
Configuring Global Parameters

 hostname name: Router(config)# hostname R1 //Specifies the name for the

router.

 enable secret password: Router(config)# enable secret 0 pwd //Specifies an

encrypted password to prevent unauthorized access to the router.

 no ip domain-lookup: Router(config)# no ip domain-lookup //Disables the

router from translating unfamiliar words (typos) into IP addresses.

 Save command : Router#Copy running-config startup-config

Configuring Gigabit Ethernet WAN Interfaces
 interface gigabitethernet slot/port: Router(config)# interface gigabitethernet
0/8 // Enters the configuration mode for a GigabitEthernet interface on the
router. [Note GigabitEthernet WAN Interfaces are 0/8 and 0/9 for Cisco
C841M-8X ISR and 0/4 to 0/5 for Cisco C841M-4X]
 ip address ip-address mask: Router(config-if)# ip address 192.168.12.2
255.255.255.0 //Sets the IP address and subnet mask for the specified GE
interface.
 no shutdown: Router(config-if)# no shutdown //Enables the GE interface,
changing its state from administratively down to administratively up.
 Exit: Router(config-if)# exit //Exits configuration mode for the GE interface
and returns to global configuration mode.
Configure IP address on an interface
Command
Router>en
Router#configure terminal
Router (Config)#interface gig0/0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.10 (ip) 255.255.255.0 (subnet mask)
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#exit

Router#show ip interface brief

Save Command
#Copy running-config startup-config
Cisco Packet Tracer
 Cisco Packet Tracer is a powerful network simulation program that allows students to
experiment with network behavior.
Packet Tracer Features
 Logical and Physical Workspaces
 Real-Time and Simulation Modes
 User friendly CLI
 Global event list (packet sniffer)
 LAN, switching, TCP/IP, routing, and WAN protocols
 Activity Wizard, Lab grading
 Multiple platform support
 Multiple language support
 Integrated Help and Tutorials
Lab
 Lab 1: Create a local area network and test the connectivity within the network.
 lab 1: Build topologies with four PCs (PC1, PC2, PC3, and PC4) connected to a central
location (using a switch or hub). Send 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 packets from PC1 to PC4
using the ping command in each topology.