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Introduction To BRM

This document provides an overview of research methods and processes. It discusses the differences between research methods and methodology, and between pure and applied research. It describes the scientific method used in research and outlines the typical research process. It notes some common challenges researchers may encounter and precautions they should take. The summary discusses the application of research in various business functions and management.

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Hemraj Verma
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112 views20 pages

Introduction To BRM

This document provides an overview of research methods and processes. It discusses the differences between research methods and methodology, and between pure and applied research. It describes the scientific method used in research and outlines the typical research process. It notes some common challenges researchers may encounter and precautions they should take. The summary discusses the application of research in various business functions and management.

Uploaded by

Hemraj Verma
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 01 (6 Lectures)

y Concept of research and its application in various functions y y y y y

of Management. Pure and Applied research, Quantitative and Qualitative approach, Scientific Method in research. Research Process Problems encountered by researcher. Precautions for the researcher.

1. Introduction to Business Research Methods

Contents
y Meaning and Definition of Research y Difference b/w Research Methods and Research y y y y

Methodology Understanding Business Research Business Research applications Pure vs. Applied Research Scientific Methods in Research

Research : Meaning and Definition


y

A detailed study of a subject, especially in order to discover (new) information or reach a (new) understanding.

y Research is all about addressing an issue or asking and

answering a question or solving a problem


y Research can be defined as Purposeful

investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws

Business Research
y Business Research Business research can be described as a

systematic and organized effort to investigate a specific problem encountered in the work setting, which needs a solution
y Business research is an organized, systematic, data-based,

critical, objective, scientific inquiry or investigation into a specific problem, undertaken with purpose of finding answers or solutions to it.

Some commonly researched areas in business


1.

Employee behaviors such as performance, absenteeism, and turnover Employee attitudes such as job satisfaction, loyalty, and organizational commitment Supervisory performance, managerial leadership style, and performance appraisal systems.

2.

3.

Business Research Applications

Types of business research: applied and basic


Applied research Research done with the intention of applying the results of the findings to solve specific problems currently being experienced in an organization
1.

Basic research fundamental pure Research done chiefly to make a contribution to existing knowledge
1.

Managers and research


Managers with knowledge of research have an advantage over those without Knowledgeable about research and research methods helps professional managers to: 1. Identify and effectively solve minor problems in the work setting 2. Know how to discriminate good from bad research 3. Appreciate and be constantly aware of the multiple influences and multiple effects of factors impinging on a situation 4. Take calculated risks in decision making, knowing full well the probabilities associated with the different possible outcomes. 5. Prevent possible vested interests from exercising their influence in a situation. 6. Related to hire researchers and consultants more effectively. 7. Combine experience with scientific knowledge while making decision.
9

The Manager and the consultant- researcher


Managers often need to engage a consultant to study some of the more complex, time consuming problems that they encounter

10

The Managers researcher relationship


During their careers, it often becomes necessary for managers to deal with consultants, so while hiring researchers or consultants the manager should make sure that: The roles and expectations of both parties are made explicit. 2. Related philosophies and value systems of organization are clearly stated and constraints, if any, are communicated. 3. A good rapport is established with the researchers, and between the researchers and the employees in the organization, enabling the full cooperation of the latter.
1.
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Internal consultants / researchers 1-2


Some organizations have their own consulting or research department, which might be called the management services department, the organization and methods department, R & D

12

Internal consultants / researchers


Advantage of internal consultants / researchers Disadvantage of internal consultants / researchers

1. Accepted by the employees 2. Less time to understand the structure, work system 3. They are available to implement their recommendations, and deal with any bugs 4. Less cost
13

1. Fall into a stereotyped way of looking 2. Scope of certain powerful 3. Not perceived as experts 4. Biases of the internal research team

External consultants / researchers


Advantage of external consultants / researchers Disadvantage of external consultants / researchers

1. Wide range of experience 1. The cost is high 2. Have more knowledge of 2. Much time to understand the current sophisticated problem organization solving 3. Additional fees for implementation

14

Knowledge about research and managerial effectiveness

Managers are responsible for the final outcome by making the right decisions at work. This is greatly facilitated by research knowledge

15

Ethics and business research


Ethics in business research refers to a code of conduct or expected societal norm of behavior while conducting research.

16

The hallmarks of scientific research


1. Purposive Started the research with a definite aim or purpose 2. Rigor Rigor connotes carefulness, scrupulousness (conformity to high standards of ethics n excellence), and the degree of exactitude in research investigations 3. Testability The manager or researcher develops certain hypotheses on how employee commitment can be enhanced, then these can be tested by applying certain statistical tests to the data collected for the purpose.
17

The hallmarks of scientific research


4. Replicability The results of the tests of hypotheses should be supported again and yet again when the same type of research is repeated in other similar circumstances. 5. Precision and confidence Design the research in a manner the ensures that our findings are as close to reality 6. Precision: reflects the degree of accuracy or exactitude of the results on the basis of the sample, to what really exists in the universe. 7. Confidence: refer to the probability that our estimations are correct, it is important that we can confidently claim that 95% of the time our results will be true and there is only a 5 % chance of our being wrong.
18

Types of Research Studies

Fundamental or Basic Research: primarily intended to find out


certain basic principles like John Robinsons Imperfect Competition Theory in Economics, Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory etc.

Applied Research: application of available scientific methods in


social science research which helps to contradict, alter or modify any existing theory or theories and helps to formulate policies.

Descriptive Research: a fact finding approach generalizing a


cross- sectional study of the present situation. For example, a study on problems of industrial relations in India with an inter disciplinary approach which is classified under conclusive research.

Types of Research Studies




Historical Research :a research on past social forces which have shaped the
present. For example, to study the present state of Indian labor we may research on past historical forces.

 Formulative problem with concept and hypothesis and

or Exploratory Research: a research which investigate any


suitable hypothesis. It is particularly important for clarification of any throwing new light for further research on principles of developing its testing with statistical tools.

 Experimental Research :a research which enable us to quantify the findings, to apply the statistical and mathematical tools and to measure the results thus quantified. It is also quantified under conclusive research 

Ex-Post Facto Research : an empirical enquiry for situation that have already
occurred. For example market failure of a product if studied or researched later may be categorized under ex- post research.

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