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Lecture 4 Functions

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10 views41 pages

Lecture 4 Functions

Uploaded by

Fatima Chaudhry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Application Development (CSF 510)

Lecture 4 : Functions
Lecture Contents
• Introduction
• Python Syntax to define and call functions
• Void and value returning functions
• Flow of execution
• Variable scope , local and global variables
• Arguments and parameters
• Types of arguments
• Return statement
• Recursion
• Lambda functions

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Introduction
• What is a function
• In the context of programming, a function is a named sequence of statements that
performs a desired operation. This operation is specified in a function definition.
• What is the objective?
• The objective is to break a large complex structure/program into smaller manageable
units that can work independently
• Often referred to as “ Divide and Conquer “ Approach
• Divide a large problem into smaller sub problems
• This will make the task easier to manage

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Divide and Conquer – Using Functions

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Example – Payroll Computation

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Functions- Payroll Computation

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Defining a Function - Syntax

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Defining a Function- Syntax

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Void and Value Returning Functions

• Void functions
• Function which do not return a value
• Just execute the statements it contains and terminates
• Value Returning Function
• Executes the statements it contains and returns a value back to the statement/program
which called it.
• When you call the input function, it gets the data that the user types on the keyboard and returns
that data as a string.
• The int and float functions are also examples of value-returning functions.
• You pass an argument to the int function, and it returns that argument’s value converted to an integer

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Function Definition – Value Returning
Functions
Indentation is important and
necessary

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Flow of Execution

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Flow of Execution
• What will be the output?

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Flowchart Symbol

Function Symbol :a rectangle that has vertical bars at each side


When drawing a flowchart for a function, the starting terminal
symbol usually shows the name of the function and the ending
terminal symbol usually reads Return.
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Functions without Body

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Scope of a Variable
• The scope of a variable in Python is the region of the program where the
variable can be accessed.
• Variables can have different scopes, depending on where they are defined.
• There are three main scopes in Python:
• Local scope: A variable defined within a function is local to that function and can only
be accessed from within that function.
• Global scope: A variable defined outside of any function is global and can be accessed
from anywhere in the program.
• Enclosing scope: A variable defined in an outer function is enclosed by a nested
function and can be accessed from within that nested function.

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Local Variables and Local Scope
• A variable defined inside a function body is called a local variable
• A local variable’s scope is the function in which the variable is created.
• A variable defined inside a different function cannot be accessed.
• A local variable cannot be accessed by code that appears inside the function
at a point before the variable has been created

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Local Variables

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Global Variables

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Local Variables vs Global Variables

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Passing Arguments & Parameters

A function should be called with correct number of arguments , otherwise we


will get an error
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Types of function arguments

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Arbitrary Arguments

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Arbitrary Positional Arguments

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Arbitrary Positional Arguments

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Arbitrary Keyword Arguments

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Return Statement

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Dead Code

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Recursion

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Recursion

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Recursion

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Problem Solving with Recursion

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Factorial –Using Recursion

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Factorial using Recursion – Execution
Flow

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Binary Search (HW)

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Merge Sort (HW)

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Lambda Functions
• Lambda functions are anonymous functions
• While normal functions are defined using the def keyword in Python, anonymous
functions are defined using the lambda keyword
• Lambda functions contain a single expression
• Can have any number of arguments
• Syntax

• Example

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Lambda Functions used in Higher Order
Functions
• A higher order function is a function which uses a function as an argument or
return a function as a return value
• Function that operate on other functions

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Using lambda functions with python
built-ins

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filter()

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map()

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Some built-in functions
• len()
• min()
• max()
• pow()
• sorted()
• Help()

Lecture 4: Functions Application Development 41

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