TOPOLO
GY
WHAT IS TOPOLOGY
Topology is the modern version of geometry, the
study of all different sorts of spaces.
The shape of a local area network (LAN) or other
communications system or
TYPES OF TOPOLOGIES
Star topology
Bus topology
Ring topology
Mesh topology
BUS TOPOLOGY
All devices are connected to a central cable,
called the bus or backbone.
BUS TOPOLOGY…
Advantages Disadvantages
• Inexpensive to install No longer recommended
Backbone breaks, whole
• Easy to add stations
network down
• Use less cable than Limited no of devices can be
other topologies attached
• Works well for small Difficult to isolate problems
networks Sharing same cable slows
response rates
RING TOPOLOGY
All devices are connected to one another in the
shape of a closed loop, so that each device is
connected directly to other devices.
RING TOPOLOGY…
No beginning or end (a ring in fact !!)
All devices of equality of access to media
Single ring – data travels in one direction only
Each device has to wait its turn to transmit
RING TOPOLOGY…
Advantages Disadvantages
• Data packets travel at Requires more cable
great speed than a bus
A break in the ring will
• No collisions
bring it down
• Easier to fault find Not as common as the
• No terminators bus – less devices
required available
STAR TOPOLOGY
All devices are connected to a central
hub.
STAR TOPOLOGY…
Centre point is a Hub
Segments meet at the Hub
Each device needs its own cable to the Hub
Easy to maintain and expand
STAR TOPOLOGY (3)
Advantages Disadvantages
• Easy to add devices as the A star network requires more
network expands cable than a ring or bus
network
• One cable failure does not Failure of the central hub can
bring down the entire bring down the entire network
network Costs are higher (installation
and equipment) than for most
• Hub provides centralised bus networks
management
• Easy to find device and
cable problems
• Can be upgraded to faster
speeds
EXTENDED STAR
TOPOLOGY
A Star Network which has been
expanded to include an additional
hub or hubs.
MESH TOPOLOGY
Mesh Network is a network where all the nodes are
connected to each other and is a complete network In
a Mesh Network every node is connected to other
node.
MESH TOPOLOGY
MESH TOPOLOGY…
Not common on LANs
Most often used in WANs to interconnect LANS
Each node is connected to every other node
Allows communication to continue in the event of a break
in any one connection
It is “Fault Tolerant”
MESH TOPOLOGY…
Advantages Disadvantages
• Improves Fault Expensive
tolerance Difficult to install
Difficult to manage
Difficult to troubleshoot
WHAT IS SERVER
Server: A server is combination of hardware or
software designed to provide services to clients.
Or Dedicate hardware capable of providing
services.
Among the many services provided by Internet servers
are:
1- World Wide Web
2- The domain name system (DNS)
3- e-mail
4- FTP file transfer
5- Chat and instant messaging
6- Voice communication
7- Streaming audio and video
8- Online gaming 17
LOCAL AREA NETWORKS…
Smaller scope
Building or small campus
Usually owned by same organization as
attached devices
Data rates much higher.
Usually broadcast systems.
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WHAT IS BROADCAST
To simultaneously send the same message to
multiple recipients. or
Broadcasting sends a message to everyone on
the network.
e.g. Television system.
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MULTICAST
Multicasting sends a message to a select
list of recipients.
e.g. Mobile list messaging etc
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WHAT IS UNICAST
Unicast transmission is the sending of
information packets to a single network
destination.
e.g. Mobile messaging etc
DATA COMMUNICATIONS & COMPUTER NETWORKING BY
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MOH. MUNEEM AKHTAR
WAN
WANs (Wide Area
Networks): WAN is a
network of linked
computers covering a
multi- site, national or
even global area. or
- WAN is used to connect
larger geographic areas,
such as Florida, the
United States, or the
world.
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MAN
Metropolitan area network: A large computer
networks usually spanning a city. They typically
use wireless infrastructure or Optical.
Usually metropolitan area network is used among different
campus e.g. Sargodha University campus and New Medical
campus etc
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The End
