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Transforming Data

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7 views

Transforming Data

Uploaded by

ather.mihs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Transforming Data

Into
Information

5A-1
How Computers Represent Data
• Number systems
– A manner of counting
– Several different number systems exist
• Decimal number system
– Used by humans to count
– Contains ten distinct digits
– Digits combine to make larger numbers

5A-2
How Computers Represent Data
• Binary number system
– Used by computers to count
– Two distinct digits, 0 and 1
– 0 and 1 combine to make numbers

5A-3
How Computers Represent Data
• Bits and bytes
– Binary numbers are made of bits
– Bit represents a switch
– A byte is 8 bits
– Byte represents one character

5A-4
How Computers Represent Data
• Text codes
– Converts letters into binary
– Standard codes necessary for data transfer
– ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
• American English symbols
– Extended ASCII
• Graphics and other symbols
– Unicode
• All languages on the planet
ASCII
How Computers Process Data
• The CPU
– Central Processing Unit
– Brain of the computer
– Control unit
• Controls resources in computer
• Instruction set
– Arithmetic logic unit
• Simple math operations
• Registers

5A-7
Components affecting Speed
Affecting Processing Speed
• Cache memory
– Very fast memory
– Holds common or recently used data
– Speeds up computer processing
– Most computers have several caches
– L1 holds recently used data
– L2 holds upcoming data
– L3 holds possible upcoming data

5A-9
Modern CPUs

McGraw-Hill Technology Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All


Microcomputer Processors
• Intel
– Leading manufacturer of processors
– Intel 4004 was worlds first microprocessor
– IBM PC powered by Intel 8086
– Current processors
• Centrino
• Itanium
• Pentium IV
• Xeon
Microcomputer Processors
• Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
– Main competitor to Intel
– Originally produced budget products
– Current processors
• Sempron
• Athlon FX 64
• Athlon XP
Comparing Processors
• Speed of processor
– Size of cache
– Number of registers
– Bit size
– Speed of Front side bus
Extending The Processors Power
• Standard computer ports
– Keyboard and mouse ports
– USB ports (Universal Serial Bus)
– Parallel
– Network
– Modem
– Audio
– Serial
– Video
Standard Computer Ports
Extending The Processors Power
• Serial and parallel ports
– Connect to printers or modems
– Parallel ports move bits simultaneously
• Made of 8 – 32 wires
• Internal busses are parallel
– Serial ports move one bit
• Lower data flow than parallel
• Requires control wires
• UART converts from serial to parallel
Extending The Processors Power
• SCSI: Have two connectors,
• Male
• Female
– plug together to form a connection which allows two
components, such as a computer and a disk drive. etc
– Small Computer System Interface
– Supports dozens of devices
– External devices daisy chain
– Fast hard drives and CD-ROMs
Extending The Processors Power
• USB
– Universal Serial Bus
– Most popular external bus
– Supports up to 127 devices
– Hot swappable (replacing computer system components
without shutting down the system)
Extending the Processors Power
• FireWire
– IEEE 1384
– Cameras and video equipment
– Hot swappable
– Port is very expensive
Extending the Processors Power
• Plug and play: that work with a computer
system as soon as they are connected
– New hardware detected automatically
– Prompts to install drivers
– Non-technical users can install devices
?

5A-21

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